BORA Lite SOM/BELK-L/Deployment/Standalone boot
Info Box
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For the sake of simplicity, this document does not address the reliability of the partitioning schemes described. This matter is beyond the scope of this document and should take into account several factors such as the intrinsic reliability of NOR/NAND flashes, the estimated usage in terms of read/write operations, etc. For more information related to this subject, please contact the technical support. | ![]() |
History[edit | edit source]
Version | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|
1.0.0 | December 2016 | Initial release |
2.0.0 | March 2019 | Added use case #2 |
2.0.1 | March 2019 | Added warning about realiability Added images of case #1's partitioning scheme |
June 2019 | Fixed definition of nandboot2 variableFixed dump related to the download of the bitstream file | |
3.0.0 | Jan 2020 | Update for BELK/BXELK 4.1.0 |
Introduction[edit | edit source]
This document shows some examples related to configuring Bora/BoraX/BoraLite for standalone operativity.
We'll explain how to program and configure a BoraX-based system to boot in standalone mode, without the need of a system microSD card or an NFS server. Only the flash memories available on the SoM itself will be used to store persistently all the software required.
The examples here documented are valid for Bora and for BoraLite as well.
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It is worth remembering that the examples shown in this article don't make use of any image script. This technique is used by the bootable microSD card delivered along with the kit, instead. For more details, please refer to this section. | ![]() |
Use case #1[edit | edit source]
Introduction[edit | edit source]
This configuration makes use of one of the most common partitioning schemes, that is:
- The NOR flash acts as boot memory; as such, it contains
- bootrom header and FSBL (or header+U-Boot SPL)
- U-Boot
- U-Boot redundant environment
- Even though these images are not strictly required to boot the system, the NOR flash also contains:
- The Linux kernel image
- The Linux Device Tree Blob (DTB)
- The bitstream file for the Programmable Logic (PL).
- The NAND flash contains a partition devoted to a read/write UBIFS root filesystem.
The resulting flash memory layout is illustrated in the following pictures.
In essence, the bootstrap sequence looks like this:
- U-Boot fetches and programs the PL bitstream
- Then it fetches the Linux kernel binary images (kernel and DTB) from the on-board NOR flash memory
- Once started, the Linux kernel mount the root filesystem from a NAND partition.
Testbed[edit | edit source]
This configuration was tested with the following testbed:
- SOM: DBXF4110D2R
- carrier board: EVBBX0000C0R
- software: BXELK 1.0.0
Program the root filesystem in NAND flash[edit | edit source]
This is a common step for both booting options.
- Boot the system via SD or NFS as described into the System boot and recovery via microSD card and Booting the system via NFS
- By default, the NAND is already partitioned to allow booting from NAND-only (see next section) and, thus, some partitions are reserved for FSBL, U-boot and kernel images. Here we won't modify this default configuration. The MTD partitions can be dumped with
/proc/mtd
(the partition's name should be self-explanatory)
root@bora:~# cat /proc/mtd dev: size erasesize name mtd0: 00040000 00020000 "spl" mtd1: 000c0000 00020000 "uboot" mtd2: 00040000 00020000 "env1" mtd3: 00040000 00020000 "env2" mtd4: 00600000 00020000 "fpga" mtd5: 00080000 00020000 "fdt" mtd6: 00800000 00020000 "kernel" mtd7: 3f000000 00020000 "nand-ubi"
- Format and initialize nand-ubi partition, which in our case is
mtd7
, using UBI with:
ubiformat /dev/mtd7 ubiattach -m 7 ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m
E.g.
root@bora:~# ubiformat /dev/mtd7 ubiformat /dev/mtd7 ubiformat: mtd7 (nand), size 1056964608 bytes (1008.0 MiB), 8064 eraseblocks of 131072 bytes (128.0 KiB), min. I/O size 2048 bytes libscan: scanning eraseblock 8063 -- 100 % complete ubiformat: 8060 eraseblocks have valid erase counter, mean value is 1 ubiformat: 4 bad eraseblocks found, numbers: 8060, 8061, 8062, 8063 ubiformat: formatting eraseblock 8063 -- 100 % complete root@bora:~# ubiattach -m 7 [ 275.247791] ubi0: attaching mtd7 [ 280.486952] ubi0: scanning is finished [ 280.520370] ubi0: attached mtd7 (name "nand-ubi", size 1008 MiB) [ 280.526302] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 129024 bytes [ 280.533222] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 512 [ 280.539860] ubi0: VID header offset: 512 (aligned 512), data offset: 2048 [ 280.546610] ubi0: good PEBs: 8060, bad PEBs: 4, corrupted PEBs: 0 [ 280.552720] ubi0: user volume: 0, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128 [ 280.559908] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 3/2, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 857573235 [ 280.568946] ubi0: available PEBs: 7900, total reserved PEBs: 160, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 156 [ 280.578486] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 983 UBI device number 0, total 8060 LEBs (1039933440 bytes, 991.8 MiB), available 7900 LEBs (1019289600 bytes, 972.1 MiB), LEB size 129024 bytes (126.0 KiB) root@bora:~# ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m Set volume size to 1019289600 Volume ID 0, size 7900 LEBs (1019289600 bytes, 972.1 MiB), LEB size 129024 bytes (126.0 KiB), dynamic, name "rootfs", alignment 1 root@bora:~#
- Now mount the UBI volume using UBIFS in a temporary directory
mkdir -p /mnt/nand mount -t ubifs ubi0_0 /mnt/nand
E.g.:
root@bora:~# mkdir -p /mnt/nand root@bora:~# mount -t ubifs ubi0_0 /mnt/nand [ 327.559316] UBIFS (ubi0:0): default file-system created [ 327.565925] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 990 [ 327.694738] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs" [ 327.702090] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 129024 bytes (126 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes [ 327.711995] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 1016967168 bytes (969 MiB, 7882 LEBs), journal size 33546240 bytes (31 MiB, 260 LEBs) [ 327.722998] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB) [ 327.729608] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0), UUID 0D33F80E-E80A-43F7-BE9E-C2D24C4FCD14, small LPT model
- you can now extract the root file system into that directory
tar jxvf dave-image-devel-bora.tar.bz2 . -C /mnt/nand
- finally, you need to cleanly umount and detach the MTD partition
umount /mnt/nand/ ubidetach -m 7
E.g.
root@bora:~# umount /mnt/nand/ [ 417.604700] UBIFS (ubi0:0): un-mount UBI device 0 [ 417.609362] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" stops root@bora:~# ubidetach -m 7 [ 424.230219] ubi0: detaching mtd7 [ 424.238132] ubi0: mtd7 is detached root@bora:~#
You can now safely reboot or turn off the system.
Program the boot images in NOR flash[edit | edit source]
It is assumed that the following U-Boot's environment variables are defined:
fdt_base=0x00780000 fpga_base=0x00180000 kernel_base=0x00800000 loadk=tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${bootfile} loadfdt=tftpboot ${fdtaddr} ${fdtfile} loadfpga=tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${fpgafile} updatek=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${kernel_base} +${filesize};sf write ${loadaddr} ${kernel_base} ${filesize} updatefdt=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${fdt_base} +${filesize};sf write ${fdtaddr} ${fdt_base} ${filesize} updatefpga=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${fpga_base} +${filesize};sf write ${loadaddr} ${fpga_base} ${filesize} spi_loadk=sf read ${loadaddr} ${kernel_base} 0x800000 spi_loadfdt=sf read ${fdtaddr} ${fdt_base} 0x80000 spi_loadfpga=sf read ${loadaddr} ${fpga_base} 0x600000 spi_programfpga=run spi_loadfpga; fpga load 0 ${loadaddr} 0x600000
- Update the
bootfile
,fdtfile
andfpgafile
environment variables to fit the filename as found inside the TFTP server. - Program kernel and device tree on NOR flash with the following U-Boot command
zynq-uboot> sf probe; run loadfpga updatefpga loadk updatek loadfdt updatefdt
E.g.:
zynq-uboot> sf probe; run loadfpga updatefpga loadk updatek loadfdt updatefdt SF: Detected S25FL128S_64K with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 16 MiB Using Gem.e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.23; our IP address is 192.168.0.209 Filename 'bora/borax-BELK-3.0.0-fpga.bin'. Load address: 0x2080000 Loading: T ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ############################################################### 823.2 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 5979916 (5b3f0c hex) SF: Detected S25FL128S_64K with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 16 MiB SF: 6029312 bytes @ 0x180000 Erased: OK SF: 5979916 bytes @ 0x180000 Written: OK Using Gem.e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.23; our IP address is 192.168.0.209 Filename 'bora/linux/belk-3.0.0_uImage'. Load address: 0x2080000 Loading: T ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ############################## 545.9 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 3477184 (350ec0 hex) SF: Detected S25FL128S_64K with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 16 MiB SF: 3538944 bytes @ 0x800000 Erased: OK SF: 3477184 bytes @ 0x800000 Written: OK Using Gem.e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.23; our IP address is 192.168.0.209 Filename 'bora/linux/belk-3.0.0_bora.dtb'. Load address: 0x2000000 Loading: T ## 2 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 10019 (2723 hex) SF: Detected S25FL128S_64K with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 16 MiB SF: 65536 bytes @ 0x780000 Erased: OK SF: 10019 bytes @ 0x780000 Written: OK
In U-Boot environment please verify that the following default variables are set in order to be able to boot from NOR + NAND
nandargs=setenv bootargs ubi.mtd=7 root=ubi0_0 rootfstype=ubifs rw spi_nand=sf probe; run spi_programfpga spi_loadk spi_loadfdt nandargs addcons addmisc; bootm ${loadaddr} - ${fdtaddr}
Reboot the system and configure U-Boot to apply the new configuration
=> setenv bootcmd run spi_nand => saveenv
Use case #2[edit | edit source]
Introduction[edit | edit source]
This configuration makes use the most common partitioning schemes for booting completely from NAND flash, that is:
- The NAND flash acts as boot memory and root file system storage; as such, it contains
- bootrom header and U-Boot SPL
- U-Boot
- U-Boot redundant environment
- The Linux kernel image
- The Linux Device Tree Blob (DTB)
- The bitstream file for the Programmable Logic (PL).
- The read/write UBIFS root filesystem.
The resulting flash memory layout is illustrated in the following pictures.
In essence, the bootstrap sequence looks like this:
- U-Boot fetches and programs the PL bitstream
- Then it fetches the Linux kernel binary images (kernel and DTB) from the on-board NAND flash memory
- The Linux kernel mount the root filesystem from a NAND partition.
Testbed[edit | edit source]
This configuration was tested with the following testbed:
- SOM: DBTD4111I0R
- carrier board: EVBBX0000C0R
- software: BELK 4.1.0
Program the root filesystem in NAND flash[edit | edit source]
This step can be followed in the same way as described before
Program the boot images in NAND flash[edit | edit source]
It is assumed that the following U-Boot's environment variables are defined:
fdt_base=0x00780000 fpga_base=0x00180000 kernel_base=0x00800000 loadk=tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${bootfile} loadfdt=tftpboot ${fdtaddr} ${fdtfile} loadfpga=tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${fpgafile} nand_updatek=nand erase.part kernel; nand write ${loadaddr} kernel ${filesize} nand_updatefdt=nand erase.part fdt; nand write ${fdtaddr} fdt ${filesize} nand_updatefpga=nand erase.part fpga; nand write ${loadaddr} fpga ${filesize} nand_loadk=nand read ${loadaddr} kernel nand_loadfdt=nand read ${fdtaddr} fdt nand_loadfpga=nand read ${loadaddr} fpga nand_programfpga=run nand_loadfpga; fpga load 0 ${loadaddr} 0x${filesize}
- Update the
bootfile
,fdtfile
andfpgafile
environment variables to fit the filename as found inside the TFTP server. - Program kernel and device tree on NAND flash with the following U-Boot command
Bora> run loadfpga nand_updatefpga loadk nand_updatek loadfdt nand_updatefdt
E.g.:
Bora> run loadfpga nand_updatefpga loadk nand_updatek loadfdt nand_updatefdt Using ethernet@e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.13; our IP address is 192.168.0.90 Filename 'bora/belk-4.1.0_bora_BASE_fpga.bin'. Load address: 0x2080000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ########### 1.3 MiB/s done Bytes transferred = 4045564 (3dbafc hex) NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x180000, size 0x600000 Erasing at 0x760000 -- 100% complete. OK NAND write: device 0 offset 0x180000, size 0x3dbafc 4045564 bytes written: OK Using ethernet@e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.13; our IP address is 192.168.0.90 Filename 'bora/linux/belk-4.1.0_uImage'. Load address: 0x2080000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ########################### 1.3 MiB/s done Bytes transferred = 3796168 (39ecc8 hex) NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x800000, size 0x800000 Erasing at 0xfe0000 -- 100% complete. OK NAND write: device 0 offset 0x800000, size 0x39ecc8 3796168 bytes written: OK Using ethernet@e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.13; our IP address is 192.168.0.90 Filename 'bora/linux/belk-4.1.0_bora.dtb'. Load address: 0x2000000 Loading: ## 655.3 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 10073 (2759 hex) NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x780000, size 0x80000 Erasing at 0x7e0000 -- 100% complete. OK NAND write: device 0 offset 0x780000, size 0x2759 10073 bytes written: OK Bora>
In U-Boot environment please verify that the following default variables are set in order to be able to boot from NAND
nandargs=setenv bootargs ubi.mtd=7 root=ubi0_0 rootfstype=ubifs rw mtdparts=mtdparts=pl35x-nand:256K(spl),768K(uboot),256K(env1),256K(env2),6M(fpga),512K(fdt),8M(kernel),-(nand-ubi) addmisc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} cma=16M ${mtdparts} nand_nand=run nand_programfpga nand_loadk nand_loadfdt nandargs addcons addmisc; bootm ${loadaddr} - ${fdtaddr}
Reboot the system and configure U-Boot to apply the new configuration
=> setenv bootcmd run nand_nand => saveenv
Full bootstrap procedure[edit | edit source]
For the reader's convenience, the following box shows the full bootstrap procedure (please, click on the "Expand" link):
U-Boot SPL 2017.01-belk-4.1.1 (Jan 08 2020 - 16:52:16) nand boot Trying to boot from NAND 1024 MiB U-Boot 2017.01-belk-4.1.1 (Jan 08 2020 - 16:52:16 +0100), Build: belk-4.1.1 Model: Bora Board: Xilinx Zynq I2C: ready DRAM: ECC disabled 1 GiB Relocating to 3ff14000, new gd at 3ead3ee8, sp at 3ead3ec0 NAND: 1024 MiB MMC: sdhci@e0100000: 0 (SD) In: serial@e0001000 Out: serial@e0001000 Err: serial@e0001000 Model: Bora Board: Xilinx Zynq SOM ConfigID#: 00000008 SOM UniqueID#: 01234567:89abcdef CB ConfigID CRC mismatch for 0x00000000 (was 0x00000000, expected 0x2144df1c) at block 3 (offset 96): using default CB ConfigID#: ffffffff CB UniqueID#: 00000000:00000000 Net: ZYNQ GEM: e000b000, phyaddr 7, interface rgmii-id eth0: ethernet@e000b000 Hit ENTER within 3 seconds to stop autoboot NAND read: device 0 offset 0x180000, size 0x600000 6291456 bytes read: OK NAND read: device 0 offset 0x800000, size 0x800000 8388608 bytes read: OK NAND read: device 0 offset 0x780000, size 0x80000 524288 bytes read: OK ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 02080000 ... Image Name: Linux-4.9.0-belk-4.1.0-xilinx Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 3796104 Bytes = 3.6 MiB Load Address: 00008000 Entry Point: 00008000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 02000000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x2000000 Loading Kernel Image ... OK Loading Device Tree to 1effa000, end 1efff758 ... OK Switching to NAND storage before starting Linux Starting kernel ... Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel. [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0 [ 0.000000] Linux version 4.9.0-belk-4.1.0-xilinx (jenkins@linuxserver2) (gcc version 6.2.1 20161016 (Linaro GCC 6.2-2016.11) ) #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Dec 24 11:34:28 CET 2019 [ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=18c5387d [ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache [ 0.000000] OF: fdt:Machine model: Bora [ 0.000000] bootconsole [earlycon0] enabled [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x3f000000 [ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc [ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 262144 [ 0.000000] free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c0a2ddc0, node_mem_map ef7f7000 [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 1536 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 0 pages reserved [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 196608 pages, LIFO batch:31 [ 0.000000] HighMem zone: 65536 pages, LIFO batch:15 [ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 14 pages/cpu @ef7d2000 s26124 r8192 d23028 u57344 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s26124 r8192 d23028 u57344 alloc=14*4096 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 260608 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: ubi.mtd=7 root=ubi0_0 rootfstype=ubifs rw console=ttyPS0,115200n8 debug earlyprintk cma=16M mtdparts=pl35x-nand:256K(spl),768K(uboot),256K(env1),256K(env2),6M(fpga),512K(fdt),8M(kernel),-(nand-ubi) [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) [ 0.000000] Memory: 1012740K/1048576K available (6144K kernel code, 234K rwdata, 1532K rodata, 1024K init, 323K bss, 19452K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved, 245760K highmem) [ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout: [ 0.000000] vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB) [ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072 kB) [ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xf0800000 - 0xff800000 ( 240 MB) [ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xf0000000 ( 768 MB) [ 0.000000] pkmap : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000 ( 2 MB) [ 0.000000] modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000 ( 14 MB) [ 0.000000] .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0700000 (7136 kB) [ 0.000000] .init : 0xc0900000 - 0xc0a00000 (1024 kB) [ 0.000000] .data : 0xc0a00000 - 0xc0a3aa38 ( 235 kB) [ 0.000000] .bss : 0xc0a3aa38 - 0xc0a8b834 ( 324 kB) [ 0.000000] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] Build-time adjustment of leaf fanout to 32. [ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=4 to nr_cpu_ids=2. [ 0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=32, nr_cpu_ids=2 [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16 [ 0.000000] efuse mapped to f0802000 [ 0.000000] slcr mapped to f0804000 [ 0.000000] L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02060000 -> 0x02460000 [ 0.000000] L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02060000 -> 0x02460000 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 erratum 769419 enabled [ 0.000000] L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 dynamic clock gating enabled, standby mode enabled [ 0.000000] L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 512 kB [ 0.000000] L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46460001 [ 0.000000] zynq_clock_init: clkc starts at f0804100 [ 0.000000] Zynq clock init [ 0.000000] ps_clk frequency not specified, using 33 MHz. [ 0.000011] sched_clock: 64 bits at 333MHz, resolution 3ns, wraps every 4398046511103ns [ 0.007869] clocksource: arm_global_timer: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x4ce07af025, max_idle_ns: 440795209040 ns [ 0.018886] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 3ns [ 0.024888] clocksource: ttc_clocksource: mask: 0xffff max_cycles: 0xffff, max_idle_ns: 537538477 ns [ 0.033935] timer #0 at f080c000, irq=17 [ 0.038267] Console: colour dummy device 80x30 [ 0.042597] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 666.66 BogoMIPS (lpj=3333333) [ 0.053077] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.057856] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) [ 0.064361] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) [ 0.071995] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok [ 0.076917] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000 [ 0.082505] Setting up static identity map for 0x100000 - 0x100058 [ 0.258338] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001 [ 0.258442] Brought up 2 CPUs [ 0.266978] SMP: Total of 2 processors activated (1333.33 BogoMIPS). [ 0.273357] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode. [ 0.278942] devtmpfs: initialized [ 0.285309] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4 [ 0.293073] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns [ 0.303701] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem [ 0.310076] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.316253] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations [ 0.358392] cpuidle: using governor ladder [ 0.398350] cpuidle: using governor menu [ 0.415353] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 1 watchpoint registers. [ 0.423248] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 4 bytes. [ 0.429192] zynq-ocm f800c000.ocmc: ZYNQ OCM pool: 256 KiB @ 0xf0880000 [ 0.436053] zynq-pinctrl 700.pinctrl: zynq pinctrl initialized [ 0.456378] vgaarb: loaded [ 0.459737] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 0.463985] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 0.470006] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 0.475316] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [ 0.481323] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered [ 0.486156] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> [ 0.495401] PTP clock support registered [ 0.501389] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm_global_timer [ 0.522421] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [ 0.527491] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [ 0.534572] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes) [ 0.541005] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192) [ 0.547324] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [ 0.553249] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [ 0.559717] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [ 0.564419] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module. [ 0.570203] RPC: Registered udp transport module. [ 0.574963] RPC: Registered tcp transport module. [ 0.579663] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. [ 0.586132] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64 [ 0.590711] hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 7 counters available [ 0.600381] futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [ 0.607298] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=18 bucket_order=0 [ 0.614340] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. [ 0.622267] bounce: pool size: 64 pages [ 0.625984] io scheduler noop registered [ 0.629938] io scheduler deadline registered [ 0.634284] io scheduler cfq registered (default) [ 0.641598] dma-pl330 f8003000.dmac: Loaded driver for PL330 DMAC-241330 [ 0.648161] dma-pl330 f8003000.dmac: DBUFF-128x8bytes Num_Chans-8 Num_Peri-4 Num_Events-16 [ 0.657287] e0000000.serial: ttyPS1 at MMIO 0xe0000000 (irq = 145, base_baud = 3125000) is a xuartps [ 0.666733] e0001000.serial: ttyPS0 at MMIO 0xe0001000 (irq = 146, base_baud = 3125000) is a xuartps à[ 0.675856] console [ttyPS0] enabled [ 0.675856] console [ttyPS0] enabled [ 0.682949] bootconsole [earlycon0] disabled [ 0.682949] bootconsole [earlycon0] disabled [ 0.692174] xdevcfg f8007000.devcfg: ioremap 0xf8007000 to f086f000 [ 0.699073] [drm] Initialized [ 0.714985] brd: module loaded [ 0.725471] loop: module loaded [ 0.730823] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed [ 0.737912] libphy: mdio_driver_register: xgmiitorgmii [ 0.743111] CAN device driver interface [ 0.749380] libphy: MACB_mii_bus: probed [ 0.852145] macb e000b000.ethernet eth0: Cadence GEM rev 0x00020118 at 0xe000b000 irq 148 (00:50:c2:1e:af:e0) [ 0.862019] Micrel KSZ9031 Gigabit PHY e000b000.etherne:07: attached PHY driver [Micrel KSZ9031 Gigabit PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=e000b000.etherne:07, irq=-1) [ 0.876204] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 3.2.6-k [ 0.881981] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation. [ 0.888875] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver [ 0.895372] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver [ 0.899915] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 0.906105] e0002000.usb supply vbus not found, using dummy regulator [ 0.912795] ULPI transceiver vendor/product ID 0x0424/0x0006 [ 0.918368] Found SMSC USB331x ULPI transceiver. [ 0.923003] ULPI integrity check: passed. [ 0.928808] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [ 0.934751] i2c /dev entries driver [ 0.938424] cdns-i2c e0004000.i2c: 100 kHz mmio e0004000 irq 142 [ 0.948144] rtc-ds3232 0-0068: rtc core: registered ds3232 as rtc0 [ 0.955792] ina2xx 0-0041: power monitor ina226 (Rshunt = 10000 uOhm) [ 0.962591] tmp421 0-004f: Could not read configuration register (-6) [ 0.970543] cpufreq: cpufreq_online: CPU0: Running at unlisted freq: 666666 KHz [ 0.977828] cpufreq: cpufreq_online: CPU0: Unlisted initial frequency changed to: 666667 KHz [ 0.986424] Xilinx Zynq CpuIdle Driver started [ 0.991294] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver [ 0.997421] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman [ 1.001749] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper [ 1.061455] mmc0: SDHCI controller on e0100000.sdhci [e0100000.sdhci] using DMA [ 1.069084] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid [ 1.075634] usbhid: USB HID core driver [ 1.082573] nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0xef, Chip ID: 0xd3 [ 1.088843] nand: Unknown W29N08GV [ 1.092292] nand: 1024 MiB, SLC, erase size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64 [ 1.100596] Bad block table found at page 524224, version 0x01 [ 1.107676] Bad block table found at page 524160, version 0x01 [ 1.114266] 8 cmdlinepart partitions found on MTD device pl35x-nand [ 1.120470] Creating 8 MTD partitions on "pl35x-nand": [ 1.125608] 0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "spl" [ 1.142605] 0x000000040000-0x000000100000 : "uboot" [ 1.158482] 0x000000100000-0x000000140000 : "env1" [ 1.174374] 0x000000140000-0x000000180000 : "env2" [ 1.184974] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 59b4 [ 1.190236] 0x000000180000-0x000000780000 : "fpga" [ 1.201439] 0x000000780000-0x000000800000 : "fdt" [ 1.205848] mmcblk0: mmc0:59b4 USDU1 14.9 GiB [ 1.211140] mmcblk0: p1 p2 [ 1.211772] 0x000000800000-0x000001000000 : "kernel" [ 1.222910] 0x000001000000-0x000040000000 : "nand-ubi" [ 1.247391] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 1.251856] can: controller area network core (rev 20120528 abi 9) [ 1.258008] NET: Registered protocol family 29 [ 1.262407] can: raw protocol (rev 20120528) [ 1.266628] can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20161123 t) [ 1.272303] can: netlink gateway (rev 20130117) max_hops=1 [ 1.278132] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler [ 1.288204] ubi0: attaching mtd7 [ 6.527574] ubi0: scanning is finished [ 6.559907] ubi0: attached mtd7 (name "nand-ubi", size 1008 MiB) [ 6.565877] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 129024 bytes [ 6.572720] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 512 [ 6.579380] ubi0: VID header offset: 512 (aligned 512), data offset: 2048 [ 6.586165] ubi0: good PEBs: 8060, bad PEBs: 4, corrupted PEBs: 0 [ 6.592244] ubi0: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128 [ 6.599432] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 4/2, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 857573235 [ 6.608473] ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 8060, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 156 [ 6.617868] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 679 [ 6.618911] rtc-ds3232 0-0068: hctosys: unable to read the hardware clock [ 6.632658] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 681 [ 6.715428] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery needed [ 6.965346] UBIFS (ubi0:0): recovery completed [ 6.969793] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs" [ 6.977129] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 129024 bytes (126 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes [ 6.987017] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 1016967168 bytes (969 MiB, 7882 LEBs), journal size 33546240 bytes (31 MiB, 260 LEBs) [ 6.998035] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB) [ 7.004636] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0), UUID 0D33F80E-E80A-43F7-BE9E-C2D24C4FCD14, small LPT model [ 7.017320] VFS: Mounted root (ubifs filesystem) on device 0:12. [ 7.025315] devtmpfs: mounted [ 7.031335] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K (c0900000 - c0a00000) INIT: version 2.88 booting Starting udev [ 9.081287] udevd[710]: starting version 3.2 [ 9.111284] random: udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 9.122792] random: udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 9.129255] random: udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 9.176143] udevd[711]: starting eudev-3.2 [ 9.321128] random: udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 10.176226] random: dd: uninitialized urandom read (512 bytes read) Mon Dec 30 23:37:37 UTC 2019 INIT: Entering runlevel: 5 Configuring network interfaces... udhcpc (v1.24.1) started Sending discover... [ 12.601808] macb e000b000.ethernet eth0: link up (100/Full) Sending discover... Sending discover... No lease, forking to background done. Starting system message bus: [ 19.305403] random: dbus-daemon: uninitialized urandom read (12 bytes read) [ 19.405678] random: dbus-daemon: uninitialized urandom read (12 bytes read) dbus. Starting Dropbear SSH server: [ 19.538175] random: dropbear: uninitialized urandom read (32 bytes read) dropbear. Starting rpcbind daemon...done. starting statd: done Starting atd: OK exportfs: can't open /etc/exports for reading NFS daemon support not enabled in kernel Starting system log daemon...0 Starting kernel log daemon...0 Starting internet superserver: xinetd. * Starting Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Daemon: avahi-daemon [ 20.449120] random: avahi-daemon: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes read) [ 20.551133] random: avahi-daemon: uninitialized urandom read (4 bytes [ ok ] Starting crond: OK Starting tcf-agent: OK Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) 2.2.1 bora /dev/ttyPS0 bora login: root root@bora:~#
Use case #3[edit | edit source]
Introduction[edit | edit source]
This example makes use of the partitioning scheme illustrated in the following images.
In this case, the NOR flash is only used to store U-Boot and its environment. All the other images are stored onto the NAND flash. Specifically, the NAND flash has four partitions that are used to store respectively:
- The
uImage
binary image, which, in turn, consists of the Linux kernel and ainitramfs
image, as per PetaLinux's default configuration.- This partition is associated with the device file
/dev/mtd0
- This partition is associated with the device file
- The PL bitstream
- This partition is associated with the device file
/dev/mtd1
- This partition is associated with the device file
- The Device Tree Blob
- This partition is associated with the device file
/dev/mtd2
- This partition is associated with the device file
- An auxiliary read/write filesystem used by the user-space applications for several purposes such as data logging
- This partition is associated with the device file
/dev/mtd3
.
- This partition is associated with the device file
The resulting bootstrap sequence is like the following:
- U-Boot is retrieved from the NOR flash and copied into the SDRAM memory
- U-boot, in turn, reads from the NAND memory the
uImage
, the bitstream, the DTB, and copies them into the SDRAM memory - U-Boot starts the Linux kernel
- Finally, the Linux kernel mounts the root filesystem from the SDRAM memory and starts user-space applications and daemons.
It is worth remembering that mtd0
,mtd1
, and mtd2
are used as raw partitions while mtd3
is associated with a block device in order to mount a filesystem, specifically UBIFS. To handle such filesystem, the Linux kernel must be built with the UBI/UBIFS support enabled and the root filesystem must include the mtd-utils-ubifs
package (see the following image).
To setup the desired standalone configuration, several operations need to be carried out. They are detailed in the following sections. It is assumed that the SOM can boot from the NOR flash. If not, please see this page.
Testbed[edit | edit source]
The testbed used to test this configuration consists of the following boards:
- SOM: DBXD4110S2R
- Carrier board: EVBBX0000C0R
- Software: BXELK 4.0.0 + PetaLinux 2017.1
Storing the images onto the raw partitions of the NAND memory[edit | edit source]
Before storing the images into the NAND flash, the bitstream must be converted. For more details, please refer to this page:
$ python /devel/dave/bora-DBRx/fpga/fpga-bit-to-bin.py -f bitstream.bit bitstream.bin Design name: prj1;UserID=0XFFFFFFFF;Version=2017.4 Partname 7z030sbg485 Date 2019/02/01 Time 16:38:59 found binary data: 5979916
Once the U-Boot console is available, the binary files to be stored into the NAND flash can be downloaded via TFTP. The size of the partitions illustrated in the previous image determine the offsets to use with the nand erase/write
commands. The following box shows the full procedure.
The first file to be stored is uImage
:
Bora> nand info Device 0: nand0, sector size 128 KiB Page size 2048 b OOB size 64 b Erase size 131072 b subpagesize 512 b options 0x 0 bbt options 0x 20000 Bora> tftpboot ${loadaddr} borax/uImage Using ethernet@e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.13; our IP address is 192.168.0.81 Filename 'borax/uImage'. Load address: 0x2080000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################## 2.5 MiB/s done Bytes transferred = 9904184 (972038 hex) Bora> nand erase 0 3000000 NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x3000000 Erasing at 0x2fe0000 -- 100% complete. OK Bora> nand write ${loadaddr} 0 ${filesize} NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x972038 9904184 bytes written: OK Bora>
Downloading and flashing of the bitstream file:
Bora> tftpboot ${loadaddr} borax/bitstream.bin Using ethernet@e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.13; our IP address is 192.168.0.81 Filename 'borax/bitstream.bin'. Load address: 0x2080000 Loading: ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ############################################################### 2.5 MiB/s done Bytes transferred = 5979916 (5b3f0c hex) Bora> nand erase 3000000 f00000 NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x3000000, size 0xf00000 Erasing at 0x3ee0000 -- 100% complete. OK Bora> nand write ${loadaddr} 3000000 ${filesize} NAND write: device 0 offset 0x3000000, size 0x5b3f75 5980021 bytes written: OK
Downloading and flashing of the DTB:
Bora> tftpboot ${loadaddr} borax/bora.dtb Using ethernet@e000b000 device TFTP from server 192.168.0.13; our IP address is 192.168.0.81 Filename 'borax/bora.dtb'. Load address: 0x2080000 Loading: ### 746.1 KiB/s done Bytes transferred = 15280 (3bb0 hex) Bora> nand erase 3f00000 100000 NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x3f00000, size 0x100000 Erasing at 0x3fe0000 -- 100% complete. OK Bora> nand write ${loadaddr} 3f00000 ${filesize} NAND write: device 0 offset 0x3f00000, size 0x3bb0 15280 bytes written: OK
Setting up the U-Boot environment[edit | edit source]
In order to boot the system as desired, the U-Boot environment must be configured properly. The most important variable is nandboot2
that can be created as follows:
Bora> setenv nandboot2 'run program_fpga2 loadunand loadfdtnand nandargs2 addip addcons addmisc; run configid_fixupfdt; bootm ${loadaddr} - ${fdtaddr}' Bora> savee Saving Environment to SPI Flash... SF: Detected s25fl128s_64k with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 32 MiB Erasing SPI flash...Writing to SPI flash...done Valid environment: 1
Another important variable that needs to be changed is mtdparts
. It must be set like this in order to tell the kernel how the NAND flash is partitioned:
mtdparts=mtdparts=pl35x-nand:48M(data0),15M(data1),1M(data2),-(data3)
Similarly, other variables need to be created such as loadunand
and loadfdtnand
. The resulting environment should look like this:
Bora> print DBXx_test_result=test_passed addcons=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} console=${console},115200n8 debug earlyprintk addip=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}:${gateway}:${netmask}:${hostname}:${ethdev} addmisc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} cma=16M ${mtdparts} baudrate=115200 bootaddr=0x101100 bootargs=ip=192.168.0.81:192.168.0.13:192.168.0.254:255.255.255.0:bora:eth0 console=ttyPS0,115200n8 debug earlyprintk cma=16M mtdparts=pl35x-nand:48M(data0),15M(data1),1M(data2),-(data3) bootcmd=run nandboot2 bootdelay=3 bootfile=bora/linux/belk-4.0.0_uImage bootscript=echo Running bootscript from ${recoverydev} ...; source ${loadaddr} cb_configid#=ffffffff cb_uniqueid#=00000000:00000000 configid_fixupfdt=if configid checkfdt ${fdtaddr} som_configid ${som_configid#}; then configid fdt_uniqueid ${fdtaddr}; fi console=ttyPS0 ethact=ethernet@e000b000 ethaddr=00:50:C2:1E:AF:B3 ethdev=eth0 fdt_base=0x00780000 fdt_high=0x1F000000 fdtaddr=1f00000 fdtcontroladdr=3ffa0a90 fdtfile=bora/linux/belk-4.0.0_bora.dtb fpga_base=0x00180000 fpgafile=bora/bora.bin fsbl_base=0x40000 gateway=192.168.0.254 header_base=0 hostname=bora ipaddr=192.168.0.81 jtag_vx=run vxargs; bootvx 0x200000 kernel_base=0x00800000 load=tftpboot ${loadaddr} bora/u-boot.bin loadaddr=0x02080000 loadbootscript=fatload ${recoverydev} 0:1 ${loadaddr} ${script}; loadfdt=tftpboot ${fdtaddr} ${fdtfile} loadfdtnand=nand read ${fdtaddr} 3f00000 100000 loadfpga=tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${fpgafile} loadfpga2=nand read ${loadaddr} 3000000 f00000 loadfsbl=tftpboot ${loadaddr} bora/bora_fsbl.bin loadhdr=tftpboot ${loadaddr} bora/boot_header loadk=tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${bootfile} loadunand=nand read ${loadaddr} 0 3000000 loadvx=tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${vxfile} mmcargs=setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p${mmcpart} rootwait rw mmcdev=0 mmcpart=2 mmcrecovery=mmc dev 0; mmc rescan; setenv recoverydev mmc; run recovery modeboot=qspiboot mtdids=nand0=pl353-nand mtdparts=mtdparts=pl35x-nand:48M(data0),15M(data1),1M(data2),-(data3) mtdparts1=mtdparts=pl353-nand:512K(spl),512K(uboot),256K(env1),256K(env2),4M(fpga),256K(fdt),4M(kernel),-(nand-ubi) nand_loadk=nand read ${loadaddr} kernel nand_updatek=nand erase.part kernel; nand write ${loadaddr} nand-kernel ${filesize} nandargs=setenv bootargs ubi.mtd=7 root=ubi0_0 rootfstype=ubifs rw nandargs2=setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${rootpath},tcp' nandboot2=run program_fpga2 loadunand loadfdtnand nandargs2 addip addcons addmisc; run configid_fixupfdt; bootm ${loadaddr} - ${fdtaddr} net_nfs=ping ${serverip};run loadk loadfdt nfsargs addip addcons addmisc; run configid_fixupfdt; bootm ${loadaddr} - ${fdtaddr} net_vx=run loadvx vxargs; bootvx ${loadaddr} netmask=255.255.255.0 nfsargs=setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${rootpath},tcp normalboot=net_nfs program_fpga=run loadfpga;fpga load 0 ${loadaddr} 0x${filesize} program_fpga2=run loadfpga2; fpga load 0 ${loadaddr} f00000 qspiboot=echo Booting from QSPI: use net_nfs && run net_nfs ramdisk_size=0x200000 recovery=if run loadbootscript; then run bootscript; fi rootpath=/opt/nfsroot/bora/belk-4.0.0 script=boot.scr serial#_DBXx=00C5 serverip=192.168.0.13 som_configid#=00000005 som_uniqueid#=3a11013a:40b52447 stderr=serial@e0001000 stdin=serial@e0001000 stdout=serial@e0001000 u-boot_base=0x80000 update=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${u-boot_base} +${filesize};sf write ${loadaddr} ${u-boot_base} ${filesize} updatefdt=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${fdt_base} +${filesize};sf write ${fdtaddr} ${fdt_base} ${filesize} updatefpga=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${fpga_base} +${filesize};sf write ${loadaddr} ${fpga_base} ${filesize} updatefsbl=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${fsbl_base} +${filesize};sf write ${loadaddr} ${fsbl_base} ${filesize} updatehdr=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${header_base} +${filesize};sf write ${loadaddr} ${header_base} ${filesize} updatek=sf probe 0 0 0;sf erase ${kernel_base} +${filesize};sf write ${loadaddr} ${kernel_base} ${filesize} usbrecovery=usb start; usb dev 0; setenv recoverydev usb; run recovery vxargs=setenv bootargs gem(0,0)host:vxWorks.st h=${serverip} e=${ipaddr} g=${gatewayip} tn=${hostname} u=target pw=vxTarget f=0x0 vxfile=bora/vxWorks Environment size: 4342/262139 bytes
Please note that the variable bootcmd
is set to run the desired boot sequence (nandboot2
).
Formatting the fourth partition of the NAND memory (mtd3
)[edit | edit source]
After setting up the U-Boot environment, it is possible to start a full bootstrap sequence by issuing the boot
command. Please refer to this section to see the dump of the serial console during the full bootstrap sequence.
Once the system has completed the bootstrap procedure, it is possible to format the mtd3
partition in order to store a UBIFS filesystem.
First of all, check that the NAND's partitions are defined properly:
root@bora-ubi:~# cat /proc/mtd dev: size erasesize name mtd0: 03000000 00020000 "data0" mtd1: 00f00000 00020000 "data1" mtd2: 00100000 00020000 "data2" mtd3: 3c000000 00020000 "data3"
To format the partition and to mount the newly created filesystem, issue the following commands:
root@bora-ubi:~# ubiformat /dev/mtd3 ubiformat: mtd3 (nand), size 1006632960 bytes (960.0 MiB), 7680 eraseblocks of 131072 bytes (128.0 KiB), min. I/O size 2048 bytes libscan: scanning eraseblock 7679 -- 100 % complete ubiformat: 7676 eraseblocks have valid erase counter, mean value is 0 ubiformat: 4 bad eraseblocks found, numbers: 7676, 7677, 7678, 7679 ubiformat: formatting eraseblock 7679 -- 100 % complete root@bora-ubi:~# ubiattach -m 3 [ 6543.803993] ubi0: attaching mtd3 [ 6549.149717] ubi0: scanning is finished [ 6549.180746] ubi0: attached mtd3 (name "data3", size 960 MiB) [ 6549.186339] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 129024 bytes [ 6549.194291] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 512 [ 6549.201006] ubi0: VID header offset: 512 (aligned 512), data offset: 2048 [ 6549.207708] ubi0: good PEBs: 7676, bad PEBs: 4, corrupted PEBs: 0 [ 6549.213824] ubi0: user volume: 0, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128 [ 6549.221038] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 2/1, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 2065859155 [ 6549.232175] ubi0: available PEBs: 7516, total reserved PEBs: 160, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 156 [ 6549.244741] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 1456 UBI device number 0, total 7676 LEBs (990388224 bytes, 944.5 MiB), available 7516 LEBs (969744384 bytes, 924.8 MiB), LEB size 129024 bytes (126.0 KiB) root@bora-ubi:~# ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N data3 -m Set volume size to 969744384 Volume ID 0, size 7516 LEBs (969744384 bytes, 924.8 MiB), LEB size 129024 bytes (126.0 KiB), dynamic, name "data3", alignment 1 root@bora-ubi:~# mkdir -p /mnt/data3 root@bora-ubi:~# mount -t ubifs ubi0_0 /mnt/data3 [ 6634.342953] UBIFS (ubi0:0): default file-system created [ 6634.349787] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID 1473 [ 6634.536639] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "data3" [ 6634.543901] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 129024 bytes (126 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes [ 6634.553858] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: 967421952 bytes (922 MiB, 7498 LEBs), journal size 33546240 bytes (31 MiB, 260 LEBs) [ 6634.564767] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB) [ 6634.571363] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0), UUID 8B1F86F2-F2C3-4292-845F-77D3BF3E212A, small LPT model
It is now possible to verify that the filesystem was mounted properly:
root@bora-ubi:~# mount rootfs on / type rootfs (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime) devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=503536k,nr_inodes=125884,mode=755) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755) tmpfs on /var/volatile type tmpfs (rw,relatime) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) ubi0_0 on /mnt/data3 type ubifs (rw,relatime)
As expected, the available space on the ubi0_0
is less than the raw size of the partition:
root@bora-ubi:~# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 503536 0 503536 0% /dev tmpfs 515312 36 515276 0% /run tmpfs 515312 40 515272 0% /var/volatile ubi0_0 887868 16 883016 0% /mnt/data3
Full bootstrap procedure[edit | edit source]
For the reader's convenience, the following box shows the full bootstrap procedure (please, click on the "Expand" link):
U-Boot SPL 2017.01-belk-4.0.1 (Jul 13 2017 - 16:08:49) qspi boot Trying to boot from SPI U-Boot 2017.01-belk-4.0.1 (Jul 13 2017 - 16:08:49 +0200), Build: jenkins-BELK_u-boot-11 Model: Bora Board: Xilinx Zynq I2C: ready DRAM: ECC disabled 1 GiB Relocating to 3ff2e000, new gd at 3eaedee8, sp at 3eaedec0 NAND: 1024 MiB MMC: Card did not respond to voltage select! Card did not respond to voltage select! sdhci@e0100000 - probe failed: -95 Card did not respond to voltage select! SF: Detected s25fl128s_64k with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 32 MiB In: serial@e0001000 Out: serial@e0001000 Err: serial@e0001000 Model: Bora Board: Xilinx Zynq SF: Detected s25fl128s_64k with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 32 MiB SF: Detected s25fl128s_64k with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 32 MiB SOM ConfigID#: 00000005 SOM UniqueID#: 3a11013a:40b52447 ds2431_readmem(): error in chip reset ds2431_readmem(): error in reading buffer ds2431_readmem(): error in chip reset ds2431_readmem(): error in reading buffer CB ConfigID CRC mismatch for 0x00000000 (was 0x00000000, expected 0x2144df1c) at block 3 (offset 96): using default CB ConfigID#: ffffffff CB UniqueID#: 00000000:00000000 Net: ZYNQ GEM: e000b000, phyaddr 7, interface rgmii-id eth0: ethernet@e000b000 Hit ENTER within 3 seconds to stop autoboot NAND read: device 0 offset 0x3000000, size 0xf00000 15728640 bytes read: OK NAND read: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x3000000 50331648 bytes read: OK NAND read: device 0 offset 0x3f00000, size 0x100000 1048576 bytes read: OK FDT: property som_configid FDT: override 'som_configid' with '00000005' FDT: override 'som_uniqueid' with '3a11013a:40b52447' FDT: override 'cb_uniqueid' with '00000000:00000000' ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 02080000 ... Image Name: Linux-4.9.0-belk-4.0.0-xilinx Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 9904120 Bytes = 9.4 MiB Load Address: 00008000 Entry Point: 00008000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 01f00000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x1f00000 Loading Kernel Image ... OK Loading Device Tree to 1effa000, end 1efff996 ... OK Switching to NAND storage before starting Linux Starting kernel ... Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel. [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0 [ 0.000000] Linux version 4.9.0-belk-4.0.0-xilinx (dvdk@osboxes) (gcc version 6.2.1 20161016 (Linaro GCC 6.2-2016.11) ) #4 SMP PREEMPT Tue Mar 5 10:27:41 CET 2019 [ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=18c5387d [ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache [ 0.000000] OF: fdt:Machine model: Bora [ 0.000000] bootconsole [earlycon0] enabled [ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x3f000000 [ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc [ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 262144 [ 0.000000] free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c102d8c0, node_mem_map ef7f7000 [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 1536 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 0 pages reserved [ 0.000000] Normal zone: 196608 pages, LIFO batch:31 [ 0.000000] HighMem zone: 65536 pages, LIFO batch:15 [ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 14 pages/cpu @ef7d1000 s26124 r8192 d23028 u57344 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s26124 r8192 d23028 u57344 alloc=14*4096 [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 260608 [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${rootpath},tcp ip=192.168.0.81:192.168.0.13:192.168.0.254:255.255.255.0:bora:eth0 console=ttyPS0,115200n8 debug earlyprintk cma=16M mtdparts=pl35x-nand:48M(data0),15M(data1),1M(data2),-(data3) [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) [ 0.000000] Memory: 1007072K/1048576K available (6144K kernel code, 232K rwdata, 1576K rodata, 7168K init, 323K bss, 25120K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved, 245760K highmem) [ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout: [ 0.000000] vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB) [ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072 kB) [ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xf0800000 - 0xff800000 ( 240 MB) [ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xf0000000 ( 768 MB) [ 0.000000] pkmap : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000 ( 2 MB) [ 0.000000] modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000 ( 14 MB) [ 0.000000] .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0700000 (7136 kB) [ 0.000000] .init : 0xc0900000 - 0xc1000000 (7168 kB) [ 0.000000] .data : 0xc1000000 - 0xc103a2e0 ( 233 kB) [ 0.000000] .bss : 0xc103a2e0 - 0xc108b0f4 ( 324 kB) [ 0.000000] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] Build-time adjustment of leaf fanout to 32. [ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=4 to nr_cpu_ids=2. [ 0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=32, nr_cpu_ids=2 [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16 [ 0.000000] efuse mapped to f0802000 [ 0.000000] slcr mapped to f0804000 [ 0.000000] L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02060000 -> 0x02460000 [ 0.000000] L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02060000 -> 0x02460000 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 erratum 769419 enabled [ 0.000000] L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9 [ 0.000000] L2C-310 dynamic clock gating enabled, standby mode enabled [ 0.000000] L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 512 kB [ 0.000000] L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46460001 [ 0.000000] zynq_clock_init: clkc starts at f0804100 [ 0.000000] Zynq clock init [ 0.000000] ps_clk frequency not specified, using 33 MHz. [ 0.000011] sched_clock: 64 bits at 333MHz, resolution 3ns, wraps every 4398046511103ns [ 0.007866] clocksource: arm_global_timer: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x4ce07af025, max_idle_ns: 440795209040 ns [ 0.018884] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 3ns [ 0.024886] clocksource: ttc_clocksource: mask: 0xffff max_cycles: 0xffff, max_idle_ns: 537538477 ns [ 0.033933] timer #0 at f080c000, irq=17 [ 0.038249] Console: colour dummy device 80x30 [ 0.042577] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 666.66 BogoMIPS (lpj=3333333) [ 0.053057] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.057838] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) [ 0.064341] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) [ 0.071972] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok [ 0.076891] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000 [ 0.082480] Setting up static identity map for 0x100000 - 0x100058 [ 0.238338] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 0, mpidr 80000001 [ 0.238441] Brought up 2 CPUs [ 0.246981] SMP: Total of 2 processors activated (1333.33 BogoMIPS). [ 0.253360] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode. [ 0.258930] devtmpfs: initialized [ 0.265358] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4 [ 0.273121] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns [ 0.283743] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem [ 0.290081] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.296286] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations [ 0.338362] cpuidle: using governor ladder [ 0.378348] cpuidle: using governor menu [ 0.394845] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 1 watchpoint registers. [ 0.402735] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 4 bytes. [ 0.408680] zynq-ocm f800c000.ocmc: ZYNQ OCM pool: 256 KiB @ 0xf0880000 [ 0.415532] zynq-pinctrl 700.pinctrl: zynq pinctrl initialized [ 0.435803] vgaarb: loaded [ 0.439188] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 0.443427] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 0.448889] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 0.454202] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [ 0.460236] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered [ 0.465075] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> [ 0.474261] PTP clock support registered [ 0.498445] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm_global_timer [ 0.518806] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [ 0.523753] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [ 0.530869] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes) [ 0.537296] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192) [ 0.543630] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [ 0.549530] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [ 0.556004] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [ 0.560678] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module. [ 0.566459] RPC: Registered udp transport module. [ 0.571228] RPC: Registered tcp transport module. [ 0.575919] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. [ 0.582400] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64 [ 1.102945] hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 7 counters available [ 1.112338] futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [ 1.119158] workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=18 bucket_order=0 [ 1.126156] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY) c 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. [ 1.133986] bounce: pool size: 64 pages [ 1.137708] io scheduler noop registered [ 1.141742] io scheduler deadline registered [ 1.145977] io scheduler cfq registered (default) [ 1.153301] dma-pl330 f8003000.dmac: Loaded driver for PL330 DMAC-241330 [ 1.159920] dma-pl330 f8003000.dmac: DBUFF-128x8bytes Num_Chans-8 Num_Peri-4 Num_Events-16 [ 1.169000] e0000000.serial: ttyPS1 at MMIO 0xe0000000 (irq = 145, base_baud = 3125000) is a xuartps [ 1.178412] e0001000.serial: ttyPS0 at MMIO 0xe0001000 (irq = 146, base_baud = 3125000) is a xuartps à[ 1.187538] console [ttyPS0] enabled [ 1.187538] console [ttyPS0] enabled [ 1.194636] bootconsole [earlycon0] disabled [ 1.194636] bootconsole [earlycon0] disabled [ 1.203842] xdevcfg f8007000.devcfg: ioremap 0xf8007000 to f086f000 [ 1.210771] [drm] Initialized [ 1.226747] brd: module loaded [ 1.237253] loop: module loaded [ 1.242684] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed [ 1.249767] CAN device driver interface [ 1.256030] libphy: MACB_mii_bus: probed [ 1.359199] macb e000b000.ethernet eth0: Cadence GEM rev 0x00020118 at 0xe000b000 irq 148 (00:50:c2:1e:af:b3) [ 1.369069] Micrel KSZ9031 Gigabit PHY e000b000.etherne:07: attached PHY driver [Micrel KSZ9031 Gigabit PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=e000b000.etherne:07, irq=-1) [ 1.383239] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 3.2.6-k [ 1.389008] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation. [ 1.395903] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver [ 1.402401] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver [ 1.406934] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 1.413140] e0002000.usb supply vbus not found, using dummy regulator [ 1.419839] ULPI transceiver vendor/product ID 0x0424/0x0006 [ 1.425414] Found SMSC USB331x ULPI transceiver. [ 1.430048] ULPI integrity check: passed. [ 1.435825] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [ 1.441733] i2c /dev entries driver [ 1.445407] cdns-i2c e0004000.i2c: 100 kHz mmio e0004000 irq 142 [ 1.458675] rtc-ds3232 0-0068: rtc core: registered ds3232 as rtc0 [ 1.466248] ina2xx 0-0041: power monitor ina226 (Rshunt = 10000 uOhm) [ 1.474606] Xilinx Zynq CpuIdle Driver started [ 1.479492] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver [ 1.485582] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman [ 1.489994] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper [ 1.548509] mmc0: SDHCI controller on e0100000.sdhci [e0100000.sdhci] using DMA [ 1.556145] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid [ 1.562699] usbhid: USB HID core driver [ 1.569627] nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0xef, Chip ID: 0xd3 [ 1.575932] nand: Unknown W29N08GV [ 1.579320] nand: 1024 MiB, SLC, erase size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64 [ 1.587634] Bad block table found at page 524224, version 0x01 [ 1.594713] Bad block table found at page 524160, version 0x01 [ 1.601301] 4 cmdlinepart partitions found on MTD device pl35x-nand [ 1.607504] Creating 4 MTD partitions on "pl35x-nand": [ 1.612653] 0x000000000000-0x000003000000 : "data0" [ 1.630900] 0x000003000000-0x000003f00000 : "data1" [ 1.636915] 0x000003f00000-0x000004000000 : "data2" [ 1.642873] 0x000004000000-0x000040000000 : "data3" [ 1.656664] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 1.662102] can: controller area network core (rev 20120528 abi 9) [ 1.668256] NET: Registered protocol family 29 [ 1.672658] can: raw protocol (rev 20120528) [ 1.676874] can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20161123 t) [ 1.682548] can: netlink gateway (rev 20130117) max_hops=1 [ 1.688386] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler [ 1.707302] rtc-ds3232 0-0068: setting system clock to 2019-03-05 11:36:06 UTC (1551785766) [ 4.838753] macb e000b000.ethernet eth0: link up (1000/Full) [ 4.898465] IP-Config: Complete: [ 4.901612] device=eth0, hwaddr=00:50:c2:1e:af:b3, ipaddr=192.168.0.81, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.0.254 [ 4.911871] host=bora, domain=, nis-domain=(none) [ 4.916971] bootserver=192.168.0.13, rootserver=192.168.0.13, rootpath= [ 4.924277] Warning: unable to open an initial console. [ 4.950584] Freeing unused kernel memory: 7168K (c0900000 - c1000000) [ 5.765125] udevd[688]: starting version 3.2 [ 5.770394] random: udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 5.776981] random: udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 5.783499] random: udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 5.799662] udevd[689]: starting eudev-3.2 [ 5.833892] random: udevd: uninitialized urandom read (16 bytes read) [ 6.769401] random: dd: uninitialized urandom read (512 bytes read) [ 11.480222] random: fast init done [ 27.774344] NET: Registered protocol family 10 PetaLinux 2017.2 bora-ubi /dev/ttyPS0 bora-ubi login:
Additional notes[edit | edit source]
mtd0
,mtd1
, andmtd2
are significantly larger than the files they store used in this example. This allows having a spare room to store larger images. For the sake of simplicity, U-Boot was configured to read the whole partitions (see how theloadunand
,loadfdtnand
, andloadfpga2
variables are defined). Obviously, this affect the overall boot time negatively. To optimize it, these variables have to be changed in order to read just the required amount of data according to the size of the actual stored files.- As stated previously, the root filesystem is
initramfs
and thus not persistent. Consequently, every time the system boots, the directory/mnt/data3
must be created before mounting the UBIFS file system stored in the NAND flash.