LELK-AN-001: Package installation using opkg

Info Box Applies to Lizard

Introduction

Thanks to the opkg packet manager installed on Yocto built root file system, Lizard module allows to install new packages (if available).

This task can be performed using DAVE Yocto pre-built package server available at the http://yocto.dave.eu address.

Installing packages on target

To use opkg at runtime first of all you need to enable the network interface with DNS configuration for accessing external http servers.

An example of network interface configuration for Internet access is described here below. Configuration can be done directly on serial console with the following commands:

root@sbc-lynx:~# ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.94
root@sbc-lynx:~# route add default gw 192.168.0.254
root@sbc-lynx:~# echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf

where 192.168.0.254 is the gateway address and 8.8.8.8 is the DNS server (in this case Google's one).

Once the network interface is configured, the DAVE's Yocto Lizard package server can be accessed for package downloading:

root@lizard:~# wget http://yocto.dave.eu/suce/cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2/pack_name

Where:

• cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2 is the package directory
• http://yocto.dave.eu/suce is the URL of the webserver

For example:

root@lizard:~# wget http://yocto.dave.eu/suce/cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2/openssh-sftp_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
Connecting to yocto.dave.eu (79.143.179.155:80)
openssh-sftp_6.1p1-r 100% |*******************************| 46000   0:00:00 ETA
root@lizard:~# wget http://yocto.dave.eu/suce/cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2/openssh-keygen_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
Connecting to yocto.dave.eu (79.143.179.155:80)0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
openssh-keygen_6.1p1 100% |*******************************| 79936   0:00:00 ETA
root@lizard:~# wget http://yocto.dave.eu/suce/cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2/openssh-sshd_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk 
Connecting to yocto.dave.eu (79.143.179.155:80)
openssh-sshd_6.1p1-r 100% |*******************************|   188k  0:00:00 ETA
root@lizard:~# wget http://yocto.dave.eu/suce/cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2/openssh-ssh_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk 
Connecting to yocto.dave.eu (79.143.179.155:80)
openssh-ssh_6.1p1-r0 100% |*******************************|   161k  0:00:00 ETA
root@lizard:~# wget http://yocto.dave.eu/suce/cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2/openssh_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk 
Connecting to yocto.dave.eu (79.143.179.155:80)
openssh_6.1p1-r0-ara 100% |*******************************|   890   0:00:00 ETA
root@lizard:~#

After the required packages have been download, you need to install them using opkg:

root@lizard:~# opkg
opkg must have one sub-command argument
usage: opkg [options...] sub-command [arguments...]
where sub-command is one of:

Package Manipulation:
        update                  Update list of available packages
        upgrade                 Upgrade installed packages
        install <pkgs>          Install package(s)
        configure <pkgs>        Configure unpacked package(s)
        remove <pkgs|regexp>    Remove package(s)
        flag <flag> <pkgs>      Flag package(s)
         <flag>=hold|noprune|user|ok|installed|unpacked (one per invocation)

Informational Commands:
        list                    List available packages
        list-installed          List installed packages
        list-upgradable         List installed and upgradable packages
        list-changed-conffiles  List user modified configuration files
        files <pkg>             List files belonging to <pkg>
        search <file|regexp>    List package providing <file>
        info [pkg|regexp]       Display all info for <pkg>
        status [pkg|regexp]     Display all status for <pkg>
        download <pkg>          Download <pkg> to current directory
        compare-versions <v1> <op> <v2>
                            compare versions using <= < > >= = << >>
        print-architecture      List installable package architectures
        depends [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
        whatdepends [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
        whatdependsrec [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
        whatrecommends[-A] [pkgname|pat]+
        whatsuggests[-A] [pkgname|pat]+
        whatprovides [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
        whatconflicts [-A] [pkgname|pat]+
        whatreplaces [-A] [pkgname|pat]+

Options:
        -A                      Query all packages not just those installed
        -V[<level>]             Set verbosity level to <level>.
        --verbosity[=<level>]   Verbosity levels:
                                        0 errors only
                                        1 normal messages (default)
                                        2 informative messages
                                        3 debug
                                        4 debug level 2
        -f <conf_file>          Use <conf_file> as the opkg configuration file
        --conf <conf_file>
        --cache <directory>     Use a package cache
        -d <dest_name>          Use <dest_name> as the the root directory for
        --dest <dest_name>      package installation, removal, upgrading.
                                <dest_name> should be a defined dest name from
                                the configuration file, (but can also be a
                                directory name in a pinch).
        -o <dir>                Use <dir> as the root directory for
        --offline-root <dir>    offline installation of packages.
        --add-arch <arch>:<prio>        Register architecture with given priority
        --add-dest <name>:<path>        Register destination with given path
        --prefer-arch-to-version                Use the architecture priority package rather
                                        than the higher version one if more
                                        than one candidate is found.

Force Options:
        --force-depends         Install/remove despite failed dependencies
        --force-maintainer      Overwrite preexisting config files
        --force-reinstall       Reinstall package(s)
        --force-overwrite       Overwrite files from other package(s)
        --force-downgrade       Allow opkg to downgrade packages
        --force-space           Disable free space checks
        --force-postinstall     Run postinstall scripts even in offline mode
        --force-remove  Remove package even if prerm script fails
        --noaction              No action -- test only
        --download-only No action -- download only
        --nodeps                Do not follow dependencies
        --force-removal-of-dependent-packages
                                Remove package and all dependencies
        --autoremove            Remove packages that were installed
                                automatically to satisfy dependencies
        -t                      Specify tmp-dir.
        --tmp-dir               Specify tmp-dir.

 regexp could be something like 'pkgname*' '*file*' or similar
 e.g. opkg info 'libstd*' or opkg search '*libop*' or opkg remove 'libncur*'
root@lizard:~#

For example, for the openssh pakcges reviously downloaded, you can install the packages on the target with the following command:

root@lizard:~# opkg install openssh-keygen_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
Installing openssh-keygen (6.1p1-r0-arago0) to root...go0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6
Configuring openssh-keygen.
root@lizard:~# opkg install openssh-scp_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
Installing openssh-scp (6.1p1-r0-arago0) to root...
Configuring openssh-scp.
update-alternatives: Linking //usr/bin/scp to /usr/bin/scp.openssh
root@lizard:~# opkg install openssh-sftp_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
Installing openssh-sftp (6.1p1-r0-arago0) to root...
Configuring openssh-sftp.
root@lizard:~# opkg install openssh-ssh_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
Installing openssh-ssh (6.1p1-r0-arago0) to root...
Configuring openssh-ssh.
update-alternatives: Linking //usr/bin/ssh to /usr/bin/ssh.openssh
root@lizard:~# opkg install openssh-sshd_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
Installing openssh-sshd (6.1p1-r0-arago0) to root...
Running useradd commands...
Note: username sshd already exists, not re-creating it
Configuring openssh-sshd.
 Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/sshd.
Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd
done.
root@lizard:~# opkg install openssh_6.1p1-r0-arago0_cortexa8hf-vfp-neon-2.6.37.2.ipk
Installing openssh (6.1p1-r0-arago0) to root...
Configuring openssh.
root@lizard:~#

Once the system is restarted, the new openssh package will be activated using the installed scripts. Fro checking is the daemon is running, simply:

root@lizard:~# ps | grep ssh
  660 root      3916 S    /usr/sbin/sshd
  747 root      3964 S    {sshd} sshd: root@pts/0
  754 root      1780 S    grep ssh
root@lizard:~#

The package dependencies will NOT be resolved automatically.

Installed packages

To see which packages are installed, it is possibile to use the list-installed option:

root@lizard:~# opkg list-installed | grep openssh
openssh - 6.1p1-r0-arago0
openssh-keygen - 6.1p1-r0-arago0
openssh-scp - 6.1p1-r0-arago0
openssh-sftp - 6.1p1-r0-arago0
openssh-ssh - 6.1p1-r0-arago0
openssh-sshd - 6.1p1-r0-arago0
root@lizard:~#