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XUELK-AN-002: Running Debian distribution

14,461 bytes added, 16:36, 12 February 2021
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{{InfoBoxTop}}
{{AppliesToSBCLynx}}
{{AppliesToDWM AN}}
{{AppliesTo AXEL ULite AN}}
{{AppliesTo SBC Lynx AN}}
{{InfoBoxBottom}}
{{WarningMessage|text=This application note was validated against specific versions of the kit only. It may not work with other versions. Supported versions are listed in the ''History'' section.}}
{{ImportantMessage|text=Regarding the Molex antenna used in this AN. It is valid only for '''No EU''' countries - see [https://www.lairdconnect.com/documentation/regulatory-information-tiwi-ble link]}}
== History ==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!Version
!XUELK version
!Date
!Notes
|-
|1.0.0
|1.1.3
|February 2017
|First public release
|-
|2.0.0
|1.1.3
|April 2017
|
*Removed <code>busybox</code>
*Added notes about physical interfaces
|-
|2.1.0
|1.1.3
|April 2017
|
*Added section ''Using the raw image''
*Added notes about <code>ssh</code> server configuration
*Added notes about <code>MySQL</code> server installation and configuration
|-
|}
The procedure was tested on an SBC Lynx with ConfigID=0x0000000C (PCB revision CS214515A), starting from XUELK 1.1.3 binaries.
 
[2] The provided root file system is derived from this one: https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/eewiki/barefs/debian-8.7-bare-armhf-2017-01-14.tar.xz.
===Using the raw image===
For convenience, the raw image of the microSD card is provided as well. This image is the result of the procedure described in the previous section, applied to a 16 GB card. The image can be downloaded [https://mirror.dave.eu/lynx/debian/20170403/20170403-sbclynx-debian-8-usd.zip here].
 
Once decompressed, it can be written directly to the card.
 
On a Linux host issue the following command (assuming the card is associated to the <code>/dec/sdc</code> device file):
<pre class="board-terminal">
sudo dd if=/path/to/20170403-sbclynx-debian-8-usd.img of=/dev/sdc oflag=sync
</pre>
 
In case your host is a Windows machine, you can use the well-known ''Win32 Disk Imager'' tool. It can be downloaded [https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ here].
 
 
[[File:Sbclynx-debian-disk-imager-win.png|thumb|center|600px|''Win32 Disk Imager'' tool]]
 
 
After installing it, open it and (see also the image above):
#select the raw image file
#select the drive letter of the microSD card
#press ''Write''.
==Adding packages==
[ Wrote 9 lines ]
</pre>
Please note the that these changes will take effect after rebooting the machine. 
DNS server has also to be enabled, in order to resolve URLs. Again, <code>nano</code> comes to help:
</pre>
 
You can finally install the desired packages, as shown in the following examples:
In principle, the physical interfaces can be accessed the same way as described for the [[Physical_devices_mapping_(XUELK)|Yocto root file system]]. However, some of them require a different approach. For more details, please refer to the following sections.
===Ethernet===
Please refer to See [[#Adding packages|this section]]. 
===Bluetooth and WiFi===
The root file system contains the same calibration file indicated [[XUELK-AN-001:_Using_WiFi-Bluetooth_combo_plugin_with_SBC_Lynx#Calibration|here]].
====Bluetooth====
The following script can be run to enable the Bluetooth controller:
<preclass="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# ./test/dwm_bt_init.sh
Found a Texas Instruments' chip!
</pre>
Once the <code>hci</code> interface is enabled, <code>hcitool</code> or other tools can be used to access it:
<preclass="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# hcitool scan
Scanning ...
zz:zz:zz:zz:zz:zz device2
</pre>
 
====WiFi (client mode)====
The procedure here described can be used to connect to an Access Point, using the WPA2/PSK security protocolwith network address given by the AP via DHCP. User can also follow [https://wiki.debian.org/WiFi/HowToUse#Command_Line this guide from Debian Wiki] for a generic approach.
As the WiFi driver is not statically linked to the kernel image, it is necessary to load the module first. This operation is done automatically done upon boot, as the module is listed in <code>/etc/modules</code>:
<pre class="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# cat /etc/modules
</pre>
 To bring Once the WiFi module is loaded, it's time to configure the interface up: first of all we need to fix interface renaming with the following command:
<pre class="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# iw ln -s /devphy#0 Interface wlan0 ifindex 4 wdev 0x1 addr 88:33:14:5e:30:61 type managedroot@arm:~# ip link show wlan04: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000 link/ether 88:33:14:5e:30:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffroot@arm:~# ip link set wlan0 up[ 276null /etc/systemd/network/99-default.076847] wlcore: firmware booted (Rev 6.3.10.0.133)[ 276.097912] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not readyroot@arm:~# ip link show wlan04: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq qlen 1000 link/ether 88:33:14:5e:30:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffroot@arm:~# iw wlan0 linkNot connected.
</pre>
 The connection will be established with Generate the SSID named PSK from the ESSID and the clear text passphrase using <code>SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2wpa_passphrase</code>tool:
<pre class="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# iw wlan0 scan...BSS fe:f0:28:cc:03:90(on wlan0) TSF: 42646261 usec (0d, 00:00:42) freq: 2437 beacon interval: 100 TUs capability: ESS Privacy ShortPreamble ShortSlotTime (0x0431) signal: -53.00 dBm last seen: 0 ms ago SSID: wpa_passphrase SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2 Supported rates: 1.0* 2.0* 5.5* 11.0* 6.0 9.0 12.0 18.0 DS Parameter set: channel 6 RSN: * Version: 1 * Group cipher: TKIP * Pairwise ciphers: TKIP * Authentication suites: PSK * Capabilities: 1-PTKSA-RC 1-GTKSA-RC (0x0000) ERP: <no flags> Extended supported rates: 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 WMM: * Parameter version 1 * BE: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 3 * BK: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 7 * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec * VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec...</pre>  Add the # reading passphrase key to the <code>wpa_supplicant</code> configuration file and make it readable by <code>root</code> only:<pre class="board-terminal">root@arm:~# wpa_passphrase SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2 >> /etc/wpa_supplicant.conffrom stdinZyXEL-WPA2-PSKroot@arm:~# chmod 0600 /etc/wpa_supplicant.confroot@arm:~# cat /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf# reading passphrase from stdinnetwork={
ssid="SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2"
#psk="ZyXEL-WPA2-PSK"
</pre>
Edit <code>/etc/network/interfaces</code> and change the <code>wlan0</code> configuration as follows, by entering the <code>ssid</code> and <code>psk</code> generated above:
<pre class="board-terminal">
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2
wpa-psk
ec41b79ebdf10022908aa10189b0341f095fd62eeb719a67c5c920e0cde28564
</pre>
Start User can now restart <code>wpa_supplicantsystemd</code>networking service with:
<pre class="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# wpa_supplicant -B -D wext -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.confSuccessfully initialized wpa_supplicantrfkill: Cannot open RFKILL control deviceioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argumentioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument[ 3527.234018] wlan0: authenticate with fe:f0:28:cc:03:90[ 3527.269591] wlan0: send auth to fe:f0:28:cc:03:90 (try 1/3)[ 3527.277879] wlan0: authenticated[ 3527.282841] wl12xx_driver wl12xx.0.auto wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use[ 3527.298407] wlan0: associate with fe:f0:28:cc:03:90 (try 1/3)[ 3527.307655] wlan0: RX AssocResp from fe:f0:28:cc:03:90 (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=1)[ 3527.326148] wlcore: Association completed.[ 3527.349780] wlan0: associated[ 3527.352824] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes readysystemctl restart networking
</pre>
 Once Now you can check the connection process completed successfullysystem configuration using standard tools (<code>route</code>, <code>ifconfig</code>, <code>iw</code> reports ). E.g. to check the WiFi link status as followsuse:
<pre class="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# iw wlan0 link
dtim period: 1
beacon int: 100
</pre>All of the above configuration are persistent at reboots and automatically started by <code>systemd</code> at boot time.
 
==Miscellaneous configurations==
===<code>ssh</code> server===
The configuration file <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> is set to permit <code>root</code> user to log in.
===Installing MySQL server with remote access===
This section shows how to install MySQL server and how to enable remote access for <code>root</code> user.
{{ImportantMessage|text=From a security standpoint, giving <code>root</code> user logon permission from any host may be dangerous.
}}
 
 
Firstly, install the <code>mysql-server</code> package. During the installation process, you will set the password for the <code>root</code> user:
<pre class="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://security.debian.org jessie/updates InRelease [63.1 kB]
...
Reading package lists... Done
root@arm:~# sudo apt-get install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
...
After this operation, 85.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates/main mysql-common all 5.5.54-0+deb8u1 [81.2 kB]
...
Configuring mysql-server-5.5
----------------------------
 
While not mandatory, it is highly recommended that you set a password for the
MySQL administrative "root" user.
 
If this field is left blank, the password will not be changed.
 
New password for the MySQL "root" user:
 
 
 
Repeat password for the MySQL "root" user:
 
 
Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:armhf.
...
Processing triggers for systemd (230-7~bpo8+2) ...
root@arm:~#
</pre>
 
 
Verify the server is up and running:
<pre class="board-terminal">
root@arm:~# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 43
Server version: 5.5.54-0+deb8u1 (Debian)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> exit
Bye
root@arm:~#
</pre>
After assigning a (static) IP address to Edit the <code>wlan0/etc/mysql/my.cnf</code> interface, it is possibile file in order to ping comment out the Access Pointfollowing lines:
<pre class="board-terminal">
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1#skip-networking</pre>  Restart the server to make the changes take effect:<pre class="board-terminal">root@arm:~# ifconfig wlan0 192.168.11.81service mysql restart</pre>  Access MySQL server locally and issue the commands shown below:<pre class="board-terminal">root@arm:~# ifconfigmysql -u root -peth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:C2:1E:AFEnter password:E9 inet addr:192Welcome to the MySQL monitor.168 Commands end with ; or \g.0.81 BcastYour MySQL connection id is 37Server version:1925.1685.54-0+deb8u1 (Debian) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates.255 Mask:255All rights reserved.255 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates.255Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.0 inet6 addr: fe80::250:c2ff:fe1e:afe9/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. RX packets:35226 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION; collisions:Query OK, 0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3555583 rows affected (3.3 MiB) TX bytes:1906 (10.8 KiB01 sec)
lo Link encap:Local Loopbackmysql> SELECT * from information_schema.user_privileges where grantee like "'root'%";+--------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+| GRANTEE | TABLE_CATALOG | PRIVILEGE_TYPE | IS_GRANTABLE |+--------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+| 'root'@'localhost' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | SUPER | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | EVENT | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SUPER | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | EVENT | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | SUPER | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def inet addr:| CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1 Mask:255' | def | EVENT | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def inet6 addr| REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@': :1' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'::1/128 Scope' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'::Host1' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU| SUPER | YES || 'root'@':65536 Metric:1' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def RX packets| LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'::0 errors1' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@':0 dropped:0 overruns1' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@':0 frame:01' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def TX packets| CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'::0 errors1' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@':0 dropped:0 overruns1' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@':0 carrier:01' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def collisions| CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@':0 txqueuelen:01' | def | EVENT | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def RX bytes| TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@':0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 1' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SUPER | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | EVENT | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES |+--------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+140 rows in set (0.0 B02 sec)
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 88:33:14:5E:30:61mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; inet addr:192.168.11.81 Bcast:192.168.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.Query OK, 0 inet6 addr: fe80::8a33:14ff:fe5e:3061/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:24970 errors:rows affected (0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2448625 (2.3 MiB) TX bytes:1291 (1.2 KiB00 sec)
root@arm:~# ping 192.168.11.243PING 192.168.11.243 (192.168.11.243): 56 data bytes64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=0 ttl=64 time=20.155 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=1 ttl=64 time=11.253 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=2 ttl=64 time=11.259 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=3 ttl=64 time=3.726 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=4 ttl=64 time=11.582 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.138 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=6 ttl=64 time=11.221 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=7 ttl=64 time=11.652 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=8 ttl=64 time=11.294 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=9 ttl=64 time=11.268 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=10 ttl=64 time=11.598 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=11 ttl=64 time=11.690 ms^C--- 192.168.11.243 ping statistics ---12 packets transmitted, 12 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 3.138/10.819/20.155 msmysql>
</pre>
In order You should be able to automatically load the <code>wl12xx</code> module on startup, issue the following commandaccess from remote host:
<pre class="board-terminal">
rootdvdk@armosboxes:~# echo wl12xx >> $ mysql -u root -ppassword -h 192.168.0.81 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 37 Server version: 5.5.54-0+deb8u1 (Debian) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/etcor its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/modulesor its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
</pre>
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