Changes

|March 1.1.3|April 2017|TBD*Added several packages to the root file system*Removed <code>busybox</code>*Added notes about physical interfaces|-|2.1.0|1.1.3|April 2017|*Added section ''Using the raw image''*Added notes about <code>ssh</code> server configuration*Added notes about <code>MySQL</code> server installation and configuration

Several "distributions" are available for embedded Linux devices. [https://www.yoctoproject.org Yocto] and [https://buildroot.org Buildroot] are just two examples of the most common. Nevertheless, for some applications the use of a desktop/server distribution might be preferable. Since they are not conceived for embedded platforms, these distributions have to be carefully tailored, in order to match hardware resources.[1]

It is assumed that the microSD card is connected to the host machine. As such, the two partitions are mounted as <code>/media/BOOT</code> and <code>/media/ROOTFS</code>. The kernel image and the compressed archive containing the root file system are available for download at the following box shows how URLs respectively:* https://mirror.dave.eu/lynx/debian/20170403/xuelk-1.1.3_uImage.debian* https://mirror.dave.eu/lynx/debian/20170403/20170403-sbclynx-debian-8.tgz To copy the kernel image to perform such operations once the microSD card (mapped as , issue the following command:<pre class="board-terminal">cp -v xuelk-1.1.3_uImage.debian /media/BOOT/</pre>Delete all the existing files in the <code>/devmedia/TBDROOTFS</code> partition:<pre class="board-terminal">sudo rm -rf /media/ROOTFS/*sudo tar xvzf 20170403-sbclynx-debian-8.tgz -C /media/ROOTFS/ </pre>Decompress the Debian root file system in the example) has been connected to a Linux host.same partition:

You can now remove Remove the card from the host, and plug it into the slot of SBC Lynx.

[1] The only difference with respect to the XUELK kernel image is related to the WiFi driver. To make it work with the Debian root file system, it has to be built as a loadable module instead of as a statically linked driver.

Of course, one of the greatest - if not ''the'' greatest - pros of having a desktop distribution, is the availability of a huge archive of pre-built packages. They can be installed very easily with tools such as [https://wiki.debian.org/Apt <code>apt</code>] and [https://packaging.python.org <code>pip</code>].

Please note the that these changes will take effect after rebooting the machine. 

==Notes about physical interfaces==In principle, the physical interfaces can be accessed the same way as described for the [[Physical_devices_mapping_(XUELK)|Yocto root file system]]. However, some of them require a different approach. For more details, please refer to the following sections.pip packages===Ethernet===Please refer to [[#Adding packages|this section]].===WiFi (client mode)===The procedure here described can be used to connect to an Access Point, using the WPA2/PSK security protocol. As click on the WiFi driver is not statically linked ''Expand'' button to see the kernel image, it is necessary to load list of the module first:installed pip packages.<pre class="board-terminalmw-collapsible mw-collapsed">root@arm:~# modprobe wl12xxpip freeze</pre>Automat==0.5.0Jinja2==2.9.5MarkupSafe==1.0Then, bring the interface up:PyNaCl==1.0.1<pre classPyQRCode=="board-terminal">1.2.1root@arm:~# iw devphy#PyTrie==0.3 Interface wlan0PyYAML==3.12 ifindex 4Pygments==2.2.0 wdev 0x1 addr 88:33:14:5e:30:61 type managedroot@arm:~# ip link show wlan04: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000 link/ether 88:33:14:5e:30:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffroot@arm:~# ip link set wlan0 up[ 276Pynetinfo==0.076847] wlcore: firmware booted (Rev 62.3Twisted==17.101.0.133)[ 276appdirs==1.097912] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not readyroot@arm:~# ip link show wlan04: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq qlen 1000.3 link/ether 88:33:14:5e:30:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffargh==0.26.2root@arm:~# iw wlan0 linkargparse==1.2.1Not connectedattrs==16.3.0</pre>autobahn==0.17.2  The connection will be established with the SSID named <code>SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2</code>:<pre classbitstring=="board-terminal">root@arm:~# iw wlan0 scan.3.1.5BSS fe:f0:28:cc:03:90(on wlan0) TSF: 42646261 usec (0d, 00:00:42) freq: 2437 beacon interval: 100 TUs capability: ESS Privacy ShortPreamble ShortSlotTime (0x0431) signal: -53bluepy==1.00 dBm last seen: 0 ms ago.5 SSID: SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2 Supported rates: cbor==1.0* 2.0* 5cffi==1.9.1chardet==2.5* 113.0* click==6.7colorama==0 9.0 123.2constantly==15.0 181.0 DS Parameter set: channel 6crossbar==17.2.1 RSN: * Version: cryptography==1.7.2 * Group cipher: TKIPenum34==1.1.6 * Pairwise ciphers: TKIPhtml5lib==0.999 * Authentication suites: PSKidna==2.5 * Capabilities: incremental==16.10.1-PTKSA-RC ipaddress==1-GTKSA-RC (0x0000) ERP: <no flags> Extended supported rates: 24.0 36.18lmdb==0 48.92mistune==0 54.0 WMM: * Parameter version 17.3 * BE: CW 15ndg-1023, AIFSN httpsclient==0.3.2 * BK: CW 15-1023, AIFSN netaddr==0.7.19packaging==16.8 * VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN pathtools==0.1.2, TXOP 3008 usec * VO: CW ply==3-7, AIFSN .4psutil==5.2, TXOP 1504 usec.0py-ubjson==0.8.5pyOpenSSL==16.2.0</pre>pyasn1==0.2.3pyasn1-modules==0.0.8pycparser==2.17Add the passphrase key to the <code>wpa_supplicant</code> configuration file and make it readable by <code>root</code> only:pyparsing==2.1.10<pre classrequests=="board-terminal">2.4.3root@arm:~# wpa_passphrase SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2 >> /etc/wpa_supplicantsdnotify==0.3.conf1ZyXELservice-WPA2-PSKidentity==16.0.0root@arm:~# chmod 0600 /etc/wpa_supplicantsetproctitle==1.1.conf10root@arm:~# cat /etc/wpa_supplicantshutilwhich==1.1.conf0# reading passphrase from stdinsix==1.10.0networksortedcontainers={=1.5.7 ssidsuds="SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2"=0.4.1 #psktreq=="ZyXEL-WPA2-PSK"16.12.0 psktxaio=ec41b79ebdf10022908aa10189b0341f095fd62eeb719a67c5c920e0cde28564}</pre>  Start <code>wpa_supplicant</code>:<pre class="board-terminal">2.6.1root@arm:~# wpa_supplicant u-B msgpack-D wext -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicantpython==2.3.conf0Successfully initialized wpa_supplicantrfkill: Cannot open RFKILL control deviceioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argumentioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument[ 3527urllib3==1.234018] wlan0: authenticate with fe:f0:28:cc:03:90[ 35279.269591] wlan0: send auth to fe:f0:28:cc:03:90 (try 1/3)[ 3527virtualenv==1.277879] wlan0: authenticated[ 35277.282841] wl12xx_driver wl12xx1.2watchdog==0.auto wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use[ 35278.298407] wlan0: associate with fe:f0:28:cc:03:90 (try 1/3)[ 3527wheel==0.24.307655] wlan0: RX AssocResp from fe:f0:28:cc:03:90 (capab0wsgiref=0x431 status=0 aid=.1).2[ 3527zope.326148] wlcore: Association completedinterface==4.[ 35273.349780] wlan0: associated[ 3527.352824] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready3</pre>  Once the connection process completed successfully, <code>iw</code> reports the link status as follows:<pre class="board-terminal">root@arm:~# iw wlan0 linkConnected to fe:f0:28:cc:03:90 (on wlan0) SSID: SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2 freq: 2437 RX: 13605 bytes (160 packets) TX: 1226 bytes (12 packets) signal: -22 dBm tx bitrate: 54.0 MBit/s

bss flags==Notes about physical interfaces==In principle, the physical interfaces can be accessed the same way as described for the [[Physical_devices_mapping_(XUELK)|Yocto root file system]]. However, some of them require a different approach. For more details, please refer to the following sections.===Ethernet===See [[#Adding packages|this section]]. ===Bluetooth and WiFi===The root file system contains the same calibration file indicated [[XUELK-AN-001:_Using_WiFi-Bluetooth_combo_plugin_with_SBC_Lynx#Calibration|here]].====Bluetooth====The following script can be run to enable the Bluetooth controller: short<pre class="board-preamble shortterminal">root@arm:~# ./test/dwm_bt_init.shFound a Texas Instruments' chip!Firmware file : /lib/firmware/ti-slotconnectivity/TIInit_7.6.15.btsLoaded BTS script version 1texas: changing baud rate to 3000000, flow control to 1Device setup completeDevices: hci0 88:33:14:5E:30:60</pre>Once the <code>hci</code> interface is enabled, <code>hcitool</code> or other tools can be used to access it:<pre class="board-timeterminal">root@arm:~# hcitool scanScanning ... dtim periodyy: 1yy:yy:yy:yy:yy device1 beacon intzz:zz:zz:zz:zz: 100zz device2

After assigning a (static) IP address As the WiFi driver is not statically linked to the kernel image, it is necessary to load the module first. This operation is done automatically upon boot, as the module is listed in <code>wlan0/etc/modules</code> interface, it is possibile to ping the Access Point:

root@arm:~# ifconfig wlan0 192.168.11.81cat /etc/modulesroot@arm:~# ifconfigeth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50/etc/modules:C2:1E:AF:E9 inet addr:192.168.0.81 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255kernel modules to load at boot time.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::250:c2ff:fe1e:afe9/64 Scope:Link# UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded RX packets:35226 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3555583 (3# at boot time, one per line.3 MiB) TX bytes:1906 (1Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.8 KiB)

lo Link encap:Local Loopbackwl12xx inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1</128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)pre>

wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 88:33:14:5E:30:61 inet addr:192.168.11.81 Bcast:192.168.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::8a33:14ff:fe5e:3061In case you need to unload/64 Scopeload the module manually, the following commands can be used:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1<pre class="board-terminal"> RX packetsroot@arm:24970 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0~# rmmod wl12xx TX packetsroot@arm:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0~# modprobe wl12xx collisionsroot@arm:0 txqueuelen~# [ 2751.040431] wlcore:1000loaded RX bytes:2448625 (2.3 MiB) TX bytes:1291 (1.2 KiB)</pre>

root@arm:~# ping 192.168.11.243PING 192.168.11.243 (192.168.11.243): 56 data bytes64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=0 ttl=64 Once the WiFi module is loaded, it's time=20.155 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243to configure the interface: seq=1 ttl=64 time=11.253 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243first of all we need to fix interface renaming with the following command: seq=2 ttl=64 time=11.259 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq<pre class=3 ttl=64 time=3.726 ms"board-terminal">64 bytes from 192.168.11.243root@arm: seq=4 ttl=64 time=11.582 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.138 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=6 ttl=64 time=11.221 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=7 ttl=64 time=11.652 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=8 ttl=64 time=11.294 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=9 ttl=64 time=11.268 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=10 ttl=64 time=11.598 ms64 bytes from 192.168.11.243: seq=11 ttl=64 time=11.690 ms^C~# ln --- 192.168.11.243 ping statistics ---12 packets transmitted, 12 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip mins /dev/null /avgetc/max = 3.138systemd/10.819network/2099-default.155 mslink

In order to automatically load the User can now restart <code>wl12xxsystemd</code> module on startup, issue the following commandnetworking service with:

====pip packages====Please click on Now you can check the ''Expand'' button system configuration using standard tools (<code>route</code>, <code>ifconfig</code>, <code>iw</code>). E.g. to see check the list of the installed pip packages.WiFi link status use:<pre class="board-terminal mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">root@arm:~# pip freezeiw wlan0 linkAutomatConnected to fe:f0:28:cc:03:90 (on wlan0) SSID: SSID_ZyXEL_WPA2 freq: 2437 RX: 13605 bytes (160 packets) TX: 1226 bytes (12 packets) signal: -22 dBm tx bitrate: 54.0 MBit/s  bss flags: short-preamble short-slot-time dtim period: 1 beacon int: 100</pre>All of the above configuration are persistent at reboots and automatically started by <code>systemd</code> at boot time. ==Miscellaneous configurations==0.5.0Jinja2==2.9=<code>ssh</code> server===The configuration file <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code> is set to permit <code>root</code> user to log in.5MarkupSafe==1=Installing MySQL server with remote access===This section shows how to install MySQL server and how to enable remote access for <code>root</code> user.0PyNaCl{{ImportantMessage|text==1From a security standpoint, giving <code>root</code> user logon permission from any host may be dangerous.0}}  Firstly, install the <code>mysql-server</code> package.1During the installation process, you will set the password for the <code>root</code> user:PyQRCode=<pre class="board-terminal">root@arm:~# sudo apt-get updateGet:1http://security.2debian.org jessie/updates InRelease [63.1kB]PyTrie==0.3..PyYAML==3Reading package lists...12Doneroot@arm:~# sudo apt-get install mysql-serverPygments==2Reading package lists..2.0DoneBuilding dependency treePynetinfo==0.2.3.Twisted==17After this operation, 85.1MB of additional disk space will be used.0appdirs==Do you want to continue? [Y/n]Get:1http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates/main mysql-common all 5.5.454-0+deb8u1 [81.32 kB]argh==0.26.2.argparse==1Configuring mysql-server-5.25---------------------------- While not mandatory, it is highly recommended that you set a password for theMySQL administrative "root" user.1attrs==16If this field is left blank, the password will not be changed.3 New password for the MySQL "root" user:   Repeat password for the MySQL "root" user:  Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:armhf.0autobahn==0.17..Processing triggers for systemd (230-7~bpo8+2) ...bitstringroot@arm:~#</pre>  Verify the server is up and running:<pre class==3"board-terminal">root@arm:~# mysql -u root -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.1Your MySQL connection id is 43Server version: 5.5.54-0+deb8u1 (Debian) bluepy==1Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates.0All rights reserved.5cbor==1Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates.0Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.0cffi==1Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.9 mysql> exitByeroot@arm:~#</pre>  Edit the <code>/etc/mysql/my.1cnf</code> file in order to comment out the following lines:chardet<pre class="board-terminal">#bind-address =2127.30.0.1click#skip-networking</pre>  Restart the server to make the changes take effect:<pre class="board-terminal">root@arm:~# service mysql restart</pre>  Access MySQL server locally and issue the commands shown below:<pre class=6.7"board-terminal">root@arm:~# mysql -u root -pEnter password:colorama==0Welcome to the MySQL monitor.3 Commands end with ; or \g.2constantly==15Your MySQL connection id is 37Server version: 5.15.54-0+deb8u1 (Debian)crossbar==17Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates.2All rights reserved.1cryptography==1Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates.7Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.2enum34==1Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.1 mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.6* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;html5lib==Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.99901 sec)idna==2mysql> SELECT * from information_schema.5user_privileges where grantee like "'root'%";+--------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+| GRANTEE | TABLE_CATALOG | PRIVILEGE_TYPE | IS_GRANTABLE |+--------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+| 'root'@'localhost' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | SUPER | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | EVENT | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@'localhost' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SUPER | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | EVENT | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@'arm' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES |incremental==16| 'root'@'127.0.100.1' | def | SELECT | YES |ipaddress==| 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.181' | def | UPDATE | YES |lmdb==| 'root'@'127.0.0.921' | def | DELETE | YES |mistune==| 'root'@'127.0.70.31' | def | CREATE | YES |ndg-httpsclient==| 'root'@'127.0.30.21' | def | DROP | YES |netaddr==| 'root'@'127.0.70.191' | def | RELOAD | YES |packaging==16| 'root'@'127.0.0.81' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES |pathtools==| 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'127.0.0.21' | def | FILE | YES |ply==3| 'root'@'127.0.0.41' | def | REFERENCES | YES |psutil==5| 'root'@'127.20.0.1' | def | INDEX | YES |py-ubjson==| 'root'@'127.0.80.51' | def | ALTER | YES |pyOpenSSL==16| 'root'@'127.20.0.1' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES |pyasn1==| 'root'@'127.0.20.31' | def | SUPER | YES |pyasn1-modules==| 'root'@'127.0.0.81' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES |pycparser==2| 'root'@'127.0.0.171' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES |pyparsing==2| 'root'@'127.0.0.1' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'127.10requests==20.40.31' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES |sdnotify==| 'root'@'127.0.30.1' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES |service-identity==16| 'root'@'127.0.0setproctitle==1.1.10' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES |shutilwhich==1| 'root'@'127.10.0.1' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES |six==1| 'root'@'127.100.0.1' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES |sortedcontainers==1| 'root'@'127.0.50.71' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES |suds==| 'root'@'127.0.40.1' | def | CREATE USER | YES |treq==16| 'root'@'127.120.0.1' | def | EVENT | YES |txaio==2| 'root'@'127.0.60.1' | def | TRIGGER | YES |u-msgpack-python==2| 'root'@'127.30.0.1' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | SUPER | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | EVENT | YES |urllib3==| 'root'@'::1' | def | TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@'::1' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SELECT | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | INSERT | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | UPDATE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | DELETE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | DROP | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | RELOAD | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SHUTDOWN | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | PROCESS | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | FILE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | REFERENCES | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | INDEX | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | ALTER | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SHOW DATABASES | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SUPER | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | LOCK TABLES | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | EXECUTE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | REPLICATION SLAVE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | REPLICATION CLIENT | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE VIEW | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | SHOW VIEW | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | ALTER ROUTINE | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE USER | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | EVENT | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | TRIGGER | YES || 'root'@'%' | def | CREATE TABLESPACE | YES |+--------------------+---------------+-------------------------+--------------+140 rows in set (0.902 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.100 sec) mysql></pre>  You should be able to access from remote host:virtualenv<pre class==1"board-terminal">dvdk@osboxes:~$ mysql -u root -ppassword -h 192.7168.10.281 watchdog==0Welcome to the MySQL monitor.8 Commands end with ; or \g.3 Your MySQL connection id is 37 wheel==0Server version: 5.245.54-0+deb8u1 (Debian) wsgiref==0Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.1 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.2Other names may be trademarks of their respective zopeowners.interface==4 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help.3Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.3 mysql>