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{{AppliesToAxelEsatta}}
{{AppliesToAxelLite}}
{{AppliesToAXEL Lite AN}}
{{AppliesToSMARX AN}}
{{AppliesToAXELULite}}
{{AppliesToAXEL ULite AN}}
{{AppliesToSBCLynx}}
{{AppliesTo SBC Lynx AN}}
{{InfoBoxBottom}}
!Version
!Date
!Development Kit version!Processor!Notes
|-
| 1.0.0
| Nov 2019
|[[Axel_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(XELK)#XELK_4.0.0|XELK 4.0.0]]| i.MX6 Cortex-A9| DualLite SOC|-| 1.0.0|Nov 2019|, [[AXEL_ULite_and_SBC_Lynx_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(XUELK)#XUELK_2.0.1.2F2.0.2.2F2.0.3|XUELK 2.0.3]]| i.MX6UL Cortex-A7| Ultra Lite SOC
|-
|}
==Introduction==
Nowadays the Java programming language is more and more used for creating embedded application taking advantages from the popular and powerful programming language like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language) Javaprogramming language]has been mainly used to develop business server side application.
=== Java Virtual Machine ===
The different JVMs performance results let the user to target which JVM can be the best selection for running its Java code.
==== ZeroVM====
The [https://openjdk.java.net/projects/zero/ ZeroVM] JDK version has to be taken into account if used on some JVM: this version - used for example on ''OpenJDK 8'' and ''AdoptOpenJDK 8'' - gives output results '''really less performing''' then the others VMs.
it's not performant because it has no architecture specific assembly code.
== Benchmarks Available Java Virtual Machines ==Two standard There's tons of JVM available in the market, both commercials and free/opensource ones: the JVM listed below have been selected from the main Java code benchmark tools are used players in the market. Obviously the <b>Oracle JDK</b> is the reference one due to compare the JVMsoriginal Java project started by [https:* //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language) Sun Microsystems] and acquired by [https://mathen.nistwikipedia.govorg/wiki/scimark2Sun_acquisition_by_Oracle Oracle] on 2010. Historically Sun/ SciMark 2Oracle provides different flavors of their JVM, depending on the target host (desktop vs server vs embedded.0]* [httphttps://www.benchmarkhqoracle.rucom/cm30java/ CaffeineMark 3technologies/javase-embedded-downloads.0html Oracle Java SE Embedded]was the flavor targetting embbedded market, but Oracle announced that '''Java 8''' is ''the final major Oracle Java SE Embedded Product''.
=== Selection of embedded Virtual Machine version ===
Here below the list of JVMs compared in the tests and the binary download sites:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|
|-
| OpenJDK(*)
| 1.8.0_102
| OpenJDK Zero VM (build 25.102-b14, interpreted mode)
|-
|}
(*) We do not provide a download URL for OpenJDK 1.8.x because it has been build with standard recipe provided with DAVE Development Kits
=== Licensing ===
Each JVM has a proper licensing model and this has to be taken into account:
* Oracle: the [https://www.oracle.com/downloads/licenses/javase-license1.html Java license] agreement should be accomplished in order to use and evaluate it
* OpenJDK, AdoptOpenJDK: [https://adoptopenjdk.net/about.html GPLv2]
* Zulu: see [https://www.azul.com/products/zulu-community/ Zulu Community] (''free download and uses without restrictions'', cit'')''
* BellSoft: [https://bell-sw.com/pages/java-11.0.5%20for%20Embedded/ Liberica JDK for Embedded] (''provided with no license restrictions'', cit.'')''
== Benchmarks ==
Two standard Java code benchmark tools are used to compare the JVMs:
* [https://math.nist.gov/scimark2/ SciMark 2.0]
* [http://www.benchmarkhq.ru/cm30/ CaffeineMark 3.0]
=== Licensing ===
We have to comply to the proper license agreements in order to run the benchmarks:
* <b><i>SciMark</i></b>: please read the [https://math.nist.gov/scimark2/credits.html credits] page about <b>National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)</b> GPL license
* <b><i>CaffeineMark</i></b>: according to the <b>Pendragon Software's CaffeineMark'''™''' ver. 3.0</b>
** the test was performed without independent verification by Pendragon Software and that Pendragon Software makes no representations or warranties as to the result of the test
== Benchmarking = Test results ===
The benchmarks have been run on the same platform and same cpu: the different JVMs was decompressed in the ''/home/root/java'' directory of the target and started manually.
==== XELK ====
The following tests have been performed on [[:Category:SBC-AXEL | SBC-AXEL]] equipped with:
* '''DXLM0193''' SOM
* i.MX6 Dual Lite processor @ 792MHz
* 1GB DDR
* boot from SD card (u-boot, kernel and root file system)
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! Java Virtual Machine
! SciMark 2.0 (Composite Score)
! CaffeineMark 3.0 (Overall score)
|-
| Oracle JDK 8
| 69.37
| 22673
|-
| OpenJDK 8 (*)
| ''3.62''
| ''605''
|-
| AdoptOpenJDK 8 (*)
| ''3.44''
| ''569''
|-
| ZuluCommunity 8
| 69.14
| 17237
|-
| AdoptOpenJDK 11
| '''82.39'''
| '''78111'''
|-
| LibericaJDK 11
| '''82.55'''
| '''77083'''
|-
| ZuluCommunity 11
| 69.61
| 17060
|-
|}
(*) The ''interpreted'' [[XELK-AN-009:_Comparing_JVMs_(Java_Virtual_Machines)_on_i.MX6_family_processors#ZeroVM | ZeroVM]] JVM version explains the very poor performance
==== XUELK ====
The following tests have been performed on [[:Category:SBC_Lynx | SBC-Lynx]] equipped with:
* i.MX6 Ultra Lite processor @ 528MHz
* 512MB DDR
* boot from SD card (u-boot, kernel and root file system)
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! Java Virtual Machine
! SciMark 2.0 (Composite Score)
! CaffeineMark 3.0 (Overall score)
|-
| Oracle JDK 8
| 28.75
| 9426
|-
| OpenJDK 8 (*)
| ''1.68''
| ''257''
|-
| AdoptOpenJDK 8 (*)
| ''1.55''
| ''243''
|-
| ZuluCommunity 8
| 29.26
| 9482
|-
| AdoptOpenJDK 11
| '''54.23'''
| '''30268'''
|-
| LibericaJDK 11
| '''54.46'''
| '''27261'''
|-
| ZuluCommunity 11
| 29.16
| 9200
|-
|}
(*) The ''interpreted'' [[XELK-AN-009:_Comparing_JVMs_(Java_Virtual_Machines)_on_i.MX6_family_processors#ZeroVM | ZeroVM]] JVM version explains the very poor performance
For a detailed test command usage, please click on the ''Expand'' link:
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
<pre class="board-terminal">
</pre>
==== XELK ==Copyright and Trademark Information ==The following tests have been performed on [[:Category:SBC-AXEL | SBC-AXEL]] equipped with:* Java™ and HotJava™ are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. and refer to Sun'''DXLM0193''' SOM s Java programming language and HotJava browser technologies. * iJava™ and OpenJDK™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.MX6 Dual Lite processor* 1GB DDR* boot from SD card (u-bootZulu Community™ is a trademark and Copyright © of Azul Systems, kernel and root file system)Inc.
