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{{Applies To Bora}}
{{Applies To BoraX}}
{{Applies To BoraLite}}
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This article details how physical devices are handled by the Linux kernel in the context of the [[Bora_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(BELK)|BELK]] and [[BoraX_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(BXELK)|BXELK kit]]kits. == History =={| class="wikitable" border="1"!Version!Date!BELK/BXELK version!Notes|-|{{oldid|8547|1.0.0}}|Apr 2019|[[BELK/BXELK_software_components#BELK_3.0.2_.2F_BXELK_1.0.1|3.0.0]]|BELK 3.0.0|-|2.0.0|Jan 2020|[[BELK/BXELK_software_components#BELK_4.1.0|4.1.0]]|Updated for BELK/BXELK 4.1.0|-|} <section begin=Console/>
==Console UART==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Kit !! Physical device !! Processor's resource !! Connector !! Type !! Linux device file !! Notes|-| BELK || Boot Console || UART1 || J17 || 2-wire RS232 UART || <code>/dev/ttyPS0</code> ||
|-
| BXELK || Boot Console || UART1 || J17 || 2-wire RS232 UART || <code>/dev/ttyPS0</code> ||
|-
|}
<section end=Console/>
<section begin=Ethernet/>
==Ethernet==
Ethernet port is associated to <code>eth0</code> interfaceon the J8 connector. It can be managed with standard Linux commands. See for example http://www.tecmint.com/ifconfig-command-examples/. === LED ===The two LEDs, connected to the ethernet PHY are configured as ''Tri-color dual-LED mode'' (see more info in the [https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/00002117F.pdf#page=24 KSZ9031 datasheet]): link/activity for 100mbit/s and link/activity/ for 1000mbit/s. <section end=Ethernet/> <section begin=micro SD/>
==microSD card==
microSD cardon connector J21, if present, will be associated by the Linux kernel to the <code>mmcblk0</code> device:
<pre>
[ 24.100643] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address 1234
root@bora:~#
</pre>
<section end=micro SD/>
<section begin=NOR_NAND/>
==NOR and NAND flash==
NOR and NAND flashes are managed as [[Memory_Tecnology_Device_(MTD)|MTD devices]].
Generally speaking, NAND flash memory is partitons partitions are defined in using the devitetreekernel command line:
<pre>
</pre>
<pre>
root@bora:~# cat /proc/mtd
dev: size erasesize name
mtd0: 00080000 00040000 00020000 "nand-SPLspl"mtd1: 00080000 000c0000 00020000 "nand-uboot"mtd2: 00040000 00020000 "nand-uboot-env1"mtd3: 00040000 00020000 "nand-uboot-env2"mtd4: 00440000 00600000 00020000 "nand-bitstreamfpga"mtd5: 00040000 00080000 00020000 "nand-device-treefdt"mtd6: 00400000 00800000 00020000 "nand-linuxkernel"mtd7: 1f600000 3f000000 00020000 "nand-rootfsubi"</pre><section end=NOR_NAND/> <section begin=USB OTG/>==USB OTG=====Host mode=== For the USB Host mode an USB stick or another device must be pluged in at the system boot. See the issue related to USB not hotplug capable after the system boot. This example shows how a memory stick is detected by the Linux kernel.<pre>root@bora:~# [ 37.340873] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using zynq-ehci[ 37.508377] usb 1-1: device v05e3 p0736 is not supported[ 37.514823] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected[ 37.521869] scsi host0: usb-storage 1-1:1.0[ 38.522235] scsi 0:0:0:0: Direct-Access Generic STORAGE DEVICE 0272 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0[ 38.531274] sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0[ 38.663662] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 30679040 512-byte logical blocks: (15.7 GB/14.6 GiB)[ 38.673145] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off[ 38.677862] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 0b 00 00 08[ 38.684026] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] No Caching mode page found[ 38.689257] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through[ 38.703539] sda: sda1 sda2[ 38.715870] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk
</pre>
To connect it to micro AB connector (J19), a cable like the one shown in the following picture has been used [1].
[[File:Usb-cable-micro-host.jpg|thumb|center|USB cable used to connect memory stick]]
Once mounted (at <code>mnt/sda1</code> in the example), the memory stick can be accessed by regular commands:
<pre>
root@bora:~# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1/
root@bora:~# mount
192.168.0.13:/opt/nfsroot/users/mgeromin/bora/belk on / type nfs (rw,relatime,vers=2,rsize=4096,wsize=4096,namlen=255,hard,nolock,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=192.168.0.13,mountvers=1,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=all,addr=192.168.0.13)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=507916k,nr_inodes=126979,mode=755)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)
tmpfs on /var/volatile type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1 on /mnt/sda1 type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
root@bora:~# time cp LibreOffice_4.1.1_Win_x86.msi /mnt/sda1/
real 0m25.114s
user 0m0.010s
sys 0m4.070s
root@bora:~# umount /mnt/sda1/
root@bora:~# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1/
root@bora:~# md5sum LibreOffice_4.1.1_Win_x86.msi /mnt/sda1/LibreOffice_4.1.1_Win_x86.msi
4fa047c0590097ce201f49655365d772 LibreOffice_4.1.1_Win_x86.msi
4fa047c0590097ce201f49655365d772 /mnt/sda1/LibreOffice_4.1.1_Win_x86.msi
root@bora:~#
</pre>
[1] This type of cables forces the ID signal of the USB port to be connected to ground, selecting the host mode on SBC Lynx side.
===Device mode===
The following examples shows how to configure Bora/BoraEVB or BoraX/BoraXEVB to act as a mass storage device.
First, a local file named <code>mass</code> is created to emulate a mass storage disk that is populated with a file named <code>file.txt</code>:
<pre>
root@bora:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=mass count=16 bs=1M
16+0 records in
16+0 records out
root@bora:~# mkfs.ext3 mass
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
mass is not a block special device.
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
4096 inodes, 16384 blocks
819 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=16777216
2 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (1024 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
root@bora:~# mkdir loop
root@bora:~# mount -o loop mass loop
[ 92.316783] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[ 92.316901] EXT3-fs (loop0): using internal journal
[ 92.316908] EXT3-fs (loop0): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode
root@bora:~# echo dummy > loop/file.txt
root@bora:~# umount loop
</pre>
Then the proper drivers are loaded on target side:
<pre>
root@bora:~# modprobe g_mass_storage file=/home/root/mass
[ 209.058156] Number of LUNs=8
[ 209.061005] Mass Storage Function, version: 2009/09/11
[ 209.066085] LUN: removable file: (no medium)
[ 209.070349] Number of LUNs=1
[ 209.073781] LUN: file: /home/root/mass
[ 209.077444] Number of LUNs=1
[ 209.080452] g_mass_storage gadget: Mass Storage Gadget, version: 2009/09/11
[ 209.087381] g_mass_storage gadget: userspace failed to provide iSerialNumber
[ 209.094393] g_mass_storage gadget: g_mass_storage ready
[ 209.099572] zynq-udc: bind to driver g_mass_storage
</pre>
Last, BoraEVB (or BoraXEVB) is connected to a Linux PC with a USB cable like this one:
[[File:USB-cable-micro-host-a.png|thumb|center|400px|USB cable used to connect BoraXEVB to PC]]
On PC side, BoraEVB (or BoraXEVB) is detected as a common USB mass storage device.
<section end=USB OTG/>
<section begin=CAN/>
==CAN==
See [[BORA_Xpress_SOM/BORA_Xpress_Evaluation_Kit/Interfaces_and_Connectors/CAN | CAN Pinout]] page and [[BORA_SOM/BELK-L/Development/Creating_and_building_a_Vivado_example | BXELK Vivado project]] for more details.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Physical device !! Processor's resource !! Connector !! Type !! Notes
|-
| CAN BUS || can0 || J24 || differential CAN bus ||
|-
|}
The following commands can be issued from command line in order to send and receive CAN frames:
<pre>
root@bora:~# dmesg | grep -i can
[ 0.643798] CAN device driver interface
[ 0.997787] can: controller area network core (rev 20120528 abi 9)
[ 1.008392] can: raw protocol (rev 20120528)
[ 1.012661] can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20120528 t)
[ 1.018294] can: netlink gateway (rev 20130117) max_hops=1
root@bora:~# canconfig can0 stop
can0 state: STOPPED
root@bora:~# canconfig can0 bitrate 500000
can0 bitrate: 500000, sample-point: 0.875
root@bora:~# canconfig can0 start
can0 state: ERROR-ACTIVE
root@bora:~# cansend can0 -i 0x77 0x33 0x88 0x33 0x88 0x33 0x88 0x33
interface = can0, family = 29, type = 3, proto = 1
root@bora:~# cansend can0 -i 0x77 0x33 0x88 0x33 0x88 0x33 0x88 0x33
interface = can0, family = 29, type = 3, proto = 1
root@bora:~# cansend can0 -i 0x77 0x33 0x88 0x33 0x88 0x33 0x88 0x33
interface = can0, family = 29, type = 3, proto = 1
root@bora:~# candump can0
interface = can0, family = 29, type = 3, proto = 1
<0x100> [8] 12 34 56 78 9a bc de ff
<0x100> [8] 12 34 56 78 9a bc de ff
<0x100> [8] 12 34 56 78 9a bc de ff
<0x100> [8] 12 34 56 78 9a bc de ff
<0x100> [8] 12 34 56 78 9a bc de ff
^C
root@bora:~#
</pre>
----
In case <code>canutils</code> package is missing, user can install it directly from DAVE's [http://yocto.dave.eu/belk-latest/ BORA package server] using <code>smart update && smart install canutils</code> commands:
<pre>
root@bora:~# smart update
Updating cache... ######################################## [100%]
Fetching information for 'all'...
-> https://yocto.dave.eu/belk-3.0.1/all/repodata/repomd.xml
repomd.xml ######################################## [ 50%]
[snip]
Channels have 393 new packages.
Saving cache...
root@bora:~# smart install canutils
Loading cache...
Updating cache... ######################################## [100%]
Computing transaction...
Installing packages (2):
canutils-4.0.6-r0@armv7a_vfp_neon
libsocketcan2-0.0.9-r0@armv7a_vfp_neon
27.8kB of package files are needed. 46.8kB will be used.
Confirm changes? (Y/n): y
[..snip..]
</pre>
See [[BORA_SOM/BELK-L/Development/Advanced_use_of_Yocto_build_system | Advanced use of Yocto build system]] for more information about using Yocto packages and <code>smart</code>
<section end=CAN/>
<section begin=UART0/>
==UART0==
UART0 is a spare UART device available on the JP17 PMOD connector. This device is routed through the PL.
See [[BORA_SOM/BELK-L/Development/Creating_and_building_a_Vivado_example | BXELK Vivado project]] for more details.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Physical device !! Processor's resource !! Connector !! Type !! Linux device file !! Notes
|-
| UART0 || UART0 || JP17 || 2-wire LVTTL UART || <code>/dev/ttyPS1</code> ||
|-
|}
<section end=UART0/>
<section begin=Temperature sensors/>
== Temperature sensors ==
Bora SOM has a [http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tmp422.pdf TMP421AIDCN] temperature sensor onboard.
The following commands can be issued from command line in order to get the SOM temperatue:
* read the PCB temperature
<pre>
root@bora:~# cat /sys/devices/soc0/amba/e0004000.i2c/i2c-0/0-004f/hwmon/hwmon1/temp1_input
</pre>
the returned value has to be divided by 1000 for a °C temperature
* read the CPU temperature
<pre>
root@bora:~# cat /sys/devices/soc0/amba/e0004000.i2c/i2c-0/0-004f/hwmon/hwmon1/temp2_input
</pre>
the returned value has to be divided by 1000 for a °C temperature
Moreover, the SOC has an internal temperature sensor device which can be read using the following shell script:
<pre>
root@bora:~# cat temp.sh
#!/bin/sh
# Tcpu
TEMP_RAW=`cat /sys/devices/soc0/amba/f8007100.adc/iio:device0/in_temp0_raw`
TEMP_OFFSET=`cat /sys/devices/soc0/amba/f8007100.adc/iio:device0/in_temp0_offset`
TEMP_SCALE=`cat /sys/devices/soc0/amba/f8007100.adc/iio:device0/in_temp0_scale`
TEMP=`awk "BEGIN {print (($TEMP_RAW+$TEMP_OFFSET)*$TEMP_SCALE)/1000}"`
echo "Cpu Temp: ${TEMP}"
</pre>
<section end=Temperature sensors/>
<section begin=Power meter/>
== Power consumption ==
Power consumption measure can be performed accessing the [https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ina226.pdf INA226] device connected to the I2C bus in the BoraEVB (U3). The following commands can be saved as a shell script (e.g. read_power_values) and run to collect the measurements data:
<pre>
root@bora:~# cat read_power_values.sh
#!/bin/sh
path_dev=/sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0
IN1=`cat $path_dev/in1_input`
IN0=`cat $path_dev/in0_input`
VOLTAGE=`awk "BEGIN {print ($IN1-$IN0)/1000}"`
CURRENT=`cat $path_dev/curr1_input`
CURRENT=`awk "BEGIN {print ($CURRENT)/1000}"`
POWER=`cat $path_dev/power1_input`
POWER=`awk "BEGIN {print ($POWER)/1000000}"`
echo "Voltage: ${VOLTAGE}, Current: ${CURRENT}, Power:${POWER}"
</pre>
<pre>
root@bora:~# ./read_power_values.sh
Voltage: 3.308, Current: 0.64, Power:2.175
root@bora:~#
</pre>
<section end=Power meter/>