116
edits
Changes
Created page with "{{AppliesToAxelLite}} {{InfoBoxBottom}} {{ImportantMessage|text=The procedure described here was tested with a physical machine. In case of a virtual machine such as the M..."
{{AppliesToAxelLite}}
{{InfoBoxBottom}}
{{ImportantMessage|text=The procedure described here was tested with a physical machine. In case of a virtual machine such as the [[Managed_Virtual_Machine_(MVM)|MVM]], it might not work properly. Also, it is worth remembering that USB controller of the MVM is disabled by default. See also [[MVM_FAQs#Q:_How_to_use_the_USB_devices_connected_to_the_host_machine.3F|this section]].}}
This article shows how to create a bootable microSD card for the [[AXEL_ULite_and_SBC_Lynx_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(XELK)|XELK]] kit by using a simple bash script. The procedure has been tested on a Linux PC running Ubuntu LTS (>=16.04) distribution with
*a 16 GB microSD card [1]
*the binary files delivered along with the [[AXEL_ULite_and_SBC_Lynx_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(XUELK)#Downloadable_binary_images|XELK 4.0.0]].
The resulting card is partitioned as depicted [[AXEL_ULite_and_SBC_Lynx_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(XUELK)#XUELK_microSD_Layout|here]].
The script - named <code>mksd.sh</code> - looks like this:
<pre>
#!/bin/bash
if [[ -z $1 || -z $2 || -z $3 || -z $4 || -z $5 ]]
then
echo "$0 Usage:"
echo " $0 <device> <u-boot.img> <SPL> <binaries directory> <rootfs tar.bz2>"
echo " Example: $0 /dev/sdc u-boot.img SPL binaries/ rootfs.tar.bz2"
exit
fi
if [ "$(whoami)" != "root" ]
then
echo "you must be root to run this script!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -b $1 ]]
then
echo "$1 is not a valid block device!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -e $2 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect u-boot.img location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -e $3 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect SPL location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -d $4 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect Binaries location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -f $5 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect rootfs location!"
exit
fi
DRIVE=$1
if [[ "$DRIVE" == *"mmcblk"* ]]
then
echo "You're using a mmc device, I need to fix partition names"
PART="p"
else
PART=""
fi
UBOOT=$2
SPL=$3
BINARIES=$4
RFS=$5
echo "All data on "$DRIVE" now will be destroyed! Continue? [y/n]"
read ans
if ! [ $ans == 'y' ]
then
exit
fi
echo "[Partitioning $1...]"
dd if=/dev/zero of=$DRIVE bs=1024 count=1024
SIZE=`fdisk -l $DRIVE | grep Disk | awk '{print $5}'`
echo DISK SIZE - $SIZE bytes
CYLINDERS=`echo $SIZE/255/63/512 | bc`
# check if we're running an old (e.g. 2.20.x) or new (e.g. 2.24.x) sfdisk
sfdisk --help | grep -- -H
if [ "$?" -eq "0" ]
then
{
echo 10,1380,0x0c,*
echo 1390,,83,-
} | sfdisk -D -H 255 -S 63 -C $CYLINDERS $DRIVE
else
{
echo 10,4086M,0x0c,*
echo 4096M,,83,-
} | sfdisk $DRIVE
fi
partprobe
echo "[Making filesystems...]"
mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n BOOT "$DRIVE$PART"1 #> /dev/null
mkfs.ext3 -L ROOTFS "$DRIVE$PART"2 #> /dev/null
echo "[Copying files...]"
binaries_dir=${BINARIES%/}
mount "$DRIVE$PART"1 /mnt
cp -av --no-preserve=ownership $binaries_dir/* /mnt/
umount "$DRIVE$PART"1
echo "[Extracting rfs (this may take a while...)]"
mount "$DRIVE$PART"2 /mnt
tar jxf $RFS -C /mnt > /dev/null
chmod 755 /mnt
umount "$DRIVE$PART"2
echo "[Programming SPL]"
dd if=$SPL of=$DRIVE bs=512 seek=2 conv=fsync
echo "[Programming u-boot.img]"
dd if=$UBOOT of=$DRIVE bs=1k seek=69 conv=fsync
echo "[Done]"
</pre>
Here is an example that shows how to use this script. Let's assume that the binary files were downloaded in the <code>xuelk-4.0.0</code> subdirectory of the working directory. Before invoking the script, the following files has to be renamed in order to make them compatible with the default U-Boot environment variables:
*bootscript: <code>boot.scr</code>
*Linux kernel: <code>uImage</code>
*Device tree blob: <code>imx6ul-sbcx.dtb</code>.
This is the list of the binary files that will be used by the script:
<pre>
# ll
total 362M
drwxr-xr-x 2 dave dave 4.0K Jun 25 17:09 binaries
-rw-r--r-- 1 dave dave 362M Jun 8 15:53 dave-image-devel.rootfs.tar.bz2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dave dave 2.0K Jun 21 10:57 mksd.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 dave dave 47K Jun 25 17:12 SPL.mmc
-rw-r--r-- 1 dave dave 480K Jun 25 17:12 u-boot.img.mmc
</pre>
You can now run the script, by passing the following parameters:
*Device file of the microSD card (<code>/dev/sdc</code> in the example)
*U-Boot image
*SPL
*Path of the directory containing the bootscript file, the Linux kernel image, and the device tree blob files
*Archive of the target's root file system (compressed as <code>.tar.bz2</code> file).
<pre>
# ./mksd.sh /dev/sdc u-boot.img.mmc SPL.mmc binaries/ dave-image-devel.rootfs.tar.bz2
All data on /dev/sdc now will be destroyed! Continue? [y/n]
y
[Partitioning /dev/sdc...]
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.60321 s, 1.7 MB/s
DISK SIZE - 15987638272 bytes
-H, --heads <number> set the number of heads to use
sfdisk: Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ...
sfdisk: OK
Disk /dev/sdc: 1943 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
sfdisk: /dev/sdc: unrecognized partition table type
Old situation:
sfdisk: No partitions found
New situation:
Units: cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0
Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 * 10 1389 1380 11084850 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdc2 1390 1942 553 4441972+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
/dev/sdc4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
Successfully wrote the new partition table
Re-reading the partition table ...
sfdisk: If you created or changed a DOS partition, /dev/foo7, say, then use dd(1)
to zero the first 512 bytes: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/foo7 bs=512 count=1
(See fdisk(8).)
Error: The backup GPT table is corrupt, but the primary appears OK, so that will be used.
[Making filesystems...]
mkfs.fat 3.0.27 (2014-11-12)
mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
/dev/sdc2 contains a ext3 file system labelled 'ROOTFS'
last mounted on /mnt on Mon Jun 25 17:18:17 2018
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Creating filesystem with 1110493 4k blocks and 277984 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 9876db93-deb5-48e9-ba5c-3bd81a3fb510
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[Copying files...]
‘binaries/boot.scr’ -> ‘/mnt/boot.scr’
‘binaries/imx6dl-sbcx-cb0012.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6dl-sbcx-cb0012.dtb’
‘binaries/imx6dl-sbcx-cb0013.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6dl-sbcx-cb0013.dtb’
‘binaries/imx6dl-xelk-l.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6dl-xelk-l.dtb’
‘binaries/imx6q-sbcx-cb0012.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6q-sbcx-cb0012.dtb’
‘binaries/imx6q-xelk-l-2.0.0.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6q-xelk-l-2.0.0.dtb’
‘binaries/SPL.mmc’ -> ‘/mnt/SPL.mmc’
‘binaries/SPL.nand’ -> ‘/mnt/SPL.nand’
‘binaries/SPL.spi’ -> ‘/mnt/SPL.spi’
‘binaries/u-boot.img.mmc’ -> ‘/mnt/u-boot.img.mmc’
‘binaries/u-boot.img.nand’ -> ‘/mnt/u-boot.img.nand’
‘binaries/u-boot.img.spi’ -> ‘/mnt/u-boot.img.spi’
‘binaries/uImage’ -> ‘/mnt/uImage’
[Extracting rfs (this may take a while...)]
[Programming SPL]
94+0 records in
94+0 records out
48128 bytes (48 kB) copied, 0.0464824 s, 1.0 MB/s
[Programming u-boot.img]
479+1 records in
479+1 records out
490896 bytes (491 kB) copied, 0.638593 s, 769 kB/s
[Done]
</pre>
[1] In case you have a different size, you'll need to change the <code>sfdisk</code> parameters accordingly.
{{InfoBoxBottom}}
{{ImportantMessage|text=The procedure described here was tested with a physical machine. In case of a virtual machine such as the [[Managed_Virtual_Machine_(MVM)|MVM]], it might not work properly. Also, it is worth remembering that USB controller of the MVM is disabled by default. See also [[MVM_FAQs#Q:_How_to_use_the_USB_devices_connected_to_the_host_machine.3F|this section]].}}
This article shows how to create a bootable microSD card for the [[AXEL_ULite_and_SBC_Lynx_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(XELK)|XELK]] kit by using a simple bash script. The procedure has been tested on a Linux PC running Ubuntu LTS (>=16.04) distribution with
*a 16 GB microSD card [1]
*the binary files delivered along with the [[AXEL_ULite_and_SBC_Lynx_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(XUELK)#Downloadable_binary_images|XELK 4.0.0]].
The resulting card is partitioned as depicted [[AXEL_ULite_and_SBC_Lynx_Embedded_Linux_Kit_(XUELK)#XUELK_microSD_Layout|here]].
The script - named <code>mksd.sh</code> - looks like this:
<pre>
#!/bin/bash
if [[ -z $1 || -z $2 || -z $3 || -z $4 || -z $5 ]]
then
echo "$0 Usage:"
echo " $0 <device> <u-boot.img> <SPL> <binaries directory> <rootfs tar.bz2>"
echo " Example: $0 /dev/sdc u-boot.img SPL binaries/ rootfs.tar.bz2"
exit
fi
if [ "$(whoami)" != "root" ]
then
echo "you must be root to run this script!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -b $1 ]]
then
echo "$1 is not a valid block device!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -e $2 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect u-boot.img location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -e $3 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect SPL location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -d $4 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect Binaries location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -f $5 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect rootfs location!"
exit
fi
DRIVE=$1
if [[ "$DRIVE" == *"mmcblk"* ]]
then
echo "You're using a mmc device, I need to fix partition names"
PART="p"
else
PART=""
fi
UBOOT=$2
SPL=$3
BINARIES=$4
RFS=$5
echo "All data on "$DRIVE" now will be destroyed! Continue? [y/n]"
read ans
if ! [ $ans == 'y' ]
then
exit
fi
echo "[Partitioning $1...]"
dd if=/dev/zero of=$DRIVE bs=1024 count=1024
SIZE=`fdisk -l $DRIVE | grep Disk | awk '{print $5}'`
echo DISK SIZE - $SIZE bytes
CYLINDERS=`echo $SIZE/255/63/512 | bc`
# check if we're running an old (e.g. 2.20.x) or new (e.g. 2.24.x) sfdisk
sfdisk --help | grep -- -H
if [ "$?" -eq "0" ]
then
{
echo 10,1380,0x0c,*
echo 1390,,83,-
} | sfdisk -D -H 255 -S 63 -C $CYLINDERS $DRIVE
else
{
echo 10,4086M,0x0c,*
echo 4096M,,83,-
} | sfdisk $DRIVE
fi
partprobe
echo "[Making filesystems...]"
mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n BOOT "$DRIVE$PART"1 #> /dev/null
mkfs.ext3 -L ROOTFS "$DRIVE$PART"2 #> /dev/null
echo "[Copying files...]"
binaries_dir=${BINARIES%/}
mount "$DRIVE$PART"1 /mnt
cp -av --no-preserve=ownership $binaries_dir/* /mnt/
umount "$DRIVE$PART"1
echo "[Extracting rfs (this may take a while...)]"
mount "$DRIVE$PART"2 /mnt
tar jxf $RFS -C /mnt > /dev/null
chmod 755 /mnt
umount "$DRIVE$PART"2
echo "[Programming SPL]"
dd if=$SPL of=$DRIVE bs=512 seek=2 conv=fsync
echo "[Programming u-boot.img]"
dd if=$UBOOT of=$DRIVE bs=1k seek=69 conv=fsync
echo "[Done]"
</pre>
Here is an example that shows how to use this script. Let's assume that the binary files were downloaded in the <code>xuelk-4.0.0</code> subdirectory of the working directory. Before invoking the script, the following files has to be renamed in order to make them compatible with the default U-Boot environment variables:
*bootscript: <code>boot.scr</code>
*Linux kernel: <code>uImage</code>
*Device tree blob: <code>imx6ul-sbcx.dtb</code>.
This is the list of the binary files that will be used by the script:
<pre>
# ll
total 362M
drwxr-xr-x 2 dave dave 4.0K Jun 25 17:09 binaries
-rw-r--r-- 1 dave dave 362M Jun 8 15:53 dave-image-devel.rootfs.tar.bz2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dave dave 2.0K Jun 21 10:57 mksd.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 dave dave 47K Jun 25 17:12 SPL.mmc
-rw-r--r-- 1 dave dave 480K Jun 25 17:12 u-boot.img.mmc
</pre>
You can now run the script, by passing the following parameters:
*Device file of the microSD card (<code>/dev/sdc</code> in the example)
*U-Boot image
*SPL
*Path of the directory containing the bootscript file, the Linux kernel image, and the device tree blob files
*Archive of the target's root file system (compressed as <code>.tar.bz2</code> file).
<pre>
# ./mksd.sh /dev/sdc u-boot.img.mmc SPL.mmc binaries/ dave-image-devel.rootfs.tar.bz2
All data on /dev/sdc now will be destroyed! Continue? [y/n]
y
[Partitioning /dev/sdc...]
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.60321 s, 1.7 MB/s
DISK SIZE - 15987638272 bytes
-H, --heads <number> set the number of heads to use
sfdisk: Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ...
sfdisk: OK
Disk /dev/sdc: 1943 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
sfdisk: /dev/sdc: unrecognized partition table type
Old situation:
sfdisk: No partitions found
New situation:
Units: cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0
Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 * 10 1389 1380 11084850 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdc2 1390 1942 553 4441972+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
/dev/sdc4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
Successfully wrote the new partition table
Re-reading the partition table ...
sfdisk: If you created or changed a DOS partition, /dev/foo7, say, then use dd(1)
to zero the first 512 bytes: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/foo7 bs=512 count=1
(See fdisk(8).)
Error: The backup GPT table is corrupt, but the primary appears OK, so that will be used.
[Making filesystems...]
mkfs.fat 3.0.27 (2014-11-12)
mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
/dev/sdc2 contains a ext3 file system labelled 'ROOTFS'
last mounted on /mnt on Mon Jun 25 17:18:17 2018
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Creating filesystem with 1110493 4k blocks and 277984 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 9876db93-deb5-48e9-ba5c-3bd81a3fb510
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[Copying files...]
‘binaries/boot.scr’ -> ‘/mnt/boot.scr’
‘binaries/imx6dl-sbcx-cb0012.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6dl-sbcx-cb0012.dtb’
‘binaries/imx6dl-sbcx-cb0013.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6dl-sbcx-cb0013.dtb’
‘binaries/imx6dl-xelk-l.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6dl-xelk-l.dtb’
‘binaries/imx6q-sbcx-cb0012.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6q-sbcx-cb0012.dtb’
‘binaries/imx6q-xelk-l-2.0.0.dtb’ -> ‘/mnt/imx6q-xelk-l-2.0.0.dtb’
‘binaries/SPL.mmc’ -> ‘/mnt/SPL.mmc’
‘binaries/SPL.nand’ -> ‘/mnt/SPL.nand’
‘binaries/SPL.spi’ -> ‘/mnt/SPL.spi’
‘binaries/u-boot.img.mmc’ -> ‘/mnt/u-boot.img.mmc’
‘binaries/u-boot.img.nand’ -> ‘/mnt/u-boot.img.nand’
‘binaries/u-boot.img.spi’ -> ‘/mnt/u-boot.img.spi’
‘binaries/uImage’ -> ‘/mnt/uImage’
[Extracting rfs (this may take a while...)]
[Programming SPL]
94+0 records in
94+0 records out
48128 bytes (48 kB) copied, 0.0464824 s, 1.0 MB/s
[Programming u-boot.img]
479+1 records in
479+1 records out
490896 bytes (491 kB) copied, 0.638593 s, 769 kB/s
[Done]
</pre>
[1] In case you have a different size, you'll need to change the <code>sfdisk</code> parameters accordingly.
