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| 2023/05/05 | DESK-MX6UL-L 4.0.0 release | ||
Contents
How to create a bootable SD cardEdit
 The procedure described here was tested with a virtual machine such as the MVM. The USB controller of the MVM should be enabled by default. If you are using Linux-based distribution and are having trouble detecting a USB device in virtual machine, please make sure your user belongs to the vboxusers group. |
This article shows how to create a bootable microSD for the DESK-MX6UL-L Release Notes kit by using a simple bash script.
Note: Note: Starting from DESK-MX6UL-L 1.0.1 release the support for the SPL has been introduced in U-Boot. Previous versions of this script will no longer produce a fully functional and bootable microSD card.
The procedure has been tested on a MVM released with DESK-MX6UL-L 4.0.1 release with
- a 32 GB microSD card [1]
- a USB SD card reader
- the binary files delivered along with the DESK-MX6UL-L 4.0.0
The resulting card is partitioned as depicted here below:
- bootable partition (mmcblk0p1, vfat) containing:
- binary images (U-Boot and kernel images)
- root file system partition (mmcblk0p2, ext3)
- root file system binaries and init scripts
The script - named mksd.sh - can be realized with the following code:
#!/bin/bash
if [[ -z $1 || -z $2 || -z $3 || -z $4 || -z $5 ]]
then
echo "$0 Usage:"
echo " $0 <device> <u-boot.img> <SPL> <binaries directory> <rootfs tar.bz2>"
echo " Example: $0 /dev/sdc u-boot.img SPL binaries/ rootfs.tar.bz2"
exit
fi
if [ "$(whoami)" != "root" ]
then
echo "you must be root to run this script!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -b $1 ]]
then
echo "$1 is not a valid block device!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -e $2 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect u-boot.img location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -e $3 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect SPL location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -d $4 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect Binaries location!"
exit
fi
if ! [[ -f $5 ]]
then
echo "Incorrect rootfs location!"
exit
fi
DRIVE=$1
if [[ "$DRIVE" == *"mmcblk"* ]]
then
echo "You're using a mmc device, I need to fix partition names"
PART="p"
else
PART=""
fi
UBOOT=$2
SPL=$3
BINARIES=$4
RFS=$5
echo "All data on "$DRIVE" now will be destroyed! Continue? [y/n]"
read ans
if ! [ $ans == 'y' ]
then
exit
fi
echo "[Partitioning $1...]"
dd if=/dev/zero of=$DRIVE bs=1024 count=1024
SIZE=`fdisk -l $DRIVE | grep Disk | awk '{print $5}'`
echo DISK SIZE - $SIZE bytes
CYLINDERS=`echo $SIZE/255/63/512 | bc`
# check if we're running an old (e.g. 2.20.x) or new (e.g. 2.24.x) sfdisk
sfdisk --help | grep -- -H
if [ "$?" -eq "0" ]
then
{
echo 40,1380,0x0c,*
echo 1420,,83,-
} | sfdisk -D -H 255 -S 63 -C $CYLINDERS $DRIVE
else
{
echo 16M,8176M,0x0c,*
echo 8192M,,83,-
} | sfdisk $DRIVE
fi
partprobe
echo "[Making filesystems...]"
mkfs.vfat -F 32 -n BOOT "$DRIVE$PART"1 #> /dev/null
mkfs.ext3 -F -L ROOTFS "$DRIVE$PART"2 #> /dev/null
# wait for the VM to recognize the uSD
sleep 60
echo "[Copying files...]"
binaries_dir=${BINARIES%/}
mount "$DRIVE$PART"1 /mnt
cp -av --no-preserve=ownership $binaries_dir/* /mnt/
umount "$DRIVE$PART"1
echo "[Extracting rfs (this may take a while...)]"
mount "$DRIVE$PART"2 /mnt
tar jxf $RFS -C /mnt > /dev/null
chmod 755 /mnt
umount "$DRIVE$PART"2
echo "[Programming SPL]"
dd if=$SPL of=$DRIVE bs=512 seek=2 conv=fsync
echo "[Programming u-boot.img]"
dd if=$UBOOT of=$DRIVE bs=1k seek=69 conv=fsync
echo "[Done]"
Here is an example that shows how to use this script. We use here files delivered with DESK-MX6UL-L 4.0.0 release. Before invoking the script, the following files has to be renamed in order to make them compatible with the default U-Boot environment variables:
- bootscript:
boot.scr - splash image:
splash_image.bmp - Linux kernel:
desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_uImage - Device tree blob:
desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_imx6ul-axelulite-cb003a.dtb.
In the case of you don't have some file on MVM, please download it from mirro.dave.eu.
We will copy them into ~/desk-mx-l/desk directory. Needed binary files can be found on MVM in the following location:
dvdk@vagrant:~$ ll /tftpboot/desk-mx6ul-l/ total 11352 -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 32964 Mar 31 11:01 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-imx6ul-axelulite-cb003a.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 32002 Mar 31 11:01 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-imx6ul-axelulite-cb006c.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 33028 Mar 31 11:01 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-imx6ul-lynx-som0013-cb002f.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 8017976 Mar 31 11:01 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-uImage -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 35840 Mar 31 10:59 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-mx6uldesk_axelulite_SPL -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 48128 Mar 31 10:59 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-mx6uldesk_axelulite_spi_SPL -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 552184 Mar 31 11:00 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-mx6uldesk_axelulite_spi_u-boot.img -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 551704 Mar 31 10:59 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-mx6uldesk_axelulite_u-boot.img -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 35840 Mar 31 10:59 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-mx6uldesk_lynx_SPL -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 48128 Mar 31 10:59 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-mx6uldesk_lynx_spi_SPL -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 517248 Mar 31 10:59 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-mx6uldesk_lynx_spi_u-boot.img -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 516776 Mar 31 10:59 desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0-mx6uldesk_lynx_u-boot.img -rw-r--r-- 1 dvdk root 1152054 Mar 31 10:59 splash_image.bmp dvdk@vagrant:~$ mkdir -p ~/desk-mx-l/desk dvdk@vagrant:~$ cp /tftpboot/desk-mx6ul-l/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_uImage ~/desk-mx-l/desk/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_uImage dvdk@vagrant:~$ cp /tftpboot/desk-mx6ul-l/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_imx6ul-axelulite-cb003a.dtb ~/desk-mx-l/desk/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_imx6ul-axelulite-cb003a.dtb dvdk@vagrant:~$ cp /tftpboot/desk-mx6ul-l/splash_image.bmp ~/desk-mx-l/desk/ dvdk@vagrant:~$ cp ~/desk-mx-l/boot.scr ~/desk-mx-l/desk/boot.scr dvdk@vagrant:~$ cp ~/desk-mx-l/rfs/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_modules.tar.gz ~/desk-mx-l/desk/
You can now run the script, by passing the following parameters:
- Device file of the microSD card (
/dev/sdbin the example) - U-Boot image
- SPL
- Path of the directory containing the bootscript file, the Linux kernel image, and the device tree blob files
- Archive of the target's root file system (compressed as
.tar.bz2file).
dvdk@vagrant:~/desk-mx-l$ sudo umount /dev/sdb*
dvdk@vagrant:~/desk-mx-l$ sudo ./desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.1_mksd.sh /dev/sdb /tftpboot/desk-mx6ul-l/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_mx6uldesk_axelulite_u-boot.img /tftpboot/desk-mx6ul-l/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_mx6uldesk_axelulite_SPL ~/desk-mx-l/desk ./rfs/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.1_dave-image-devel-desk-mx6ul.tar.bz2
All data on /dev/sdb now will be destroyed! Continue? [y/n]
y
[Partitioning /dev/sdb...]
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1048576 bytes (1.0 MB, 1.0 MiB) copied, 0.262305 s, 4.0 MB/s
DISK SIZE - 31002198016 bytes
Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ... OK
Disk /dev/sdb: 28.89 GiB, 31002198016 bytes, 60551168 sectors
Disk model: Transcend
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
>>> Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x937180d6.
/dev/sdb1: Created a new partition 1 of type 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)' and of size 8 GiB.
/dev/sdb2: Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 20.9 GiB.
/dev/sdb3: Done.
New situation:
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x937180d6
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 * 32768 16777215 16744448 8G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2 16777216 60551167 43773952 20.9G 83 Linux
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[Making filesystems...]
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
/dev/sdb2 contains a ext3 file system labelled 'ROOTFS'
created on Mon Apr 3 10:19:52 2023
Creating filesystem with 5471744 4k blocks and 1368064 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a0208180-9d1c-47e8-a8e0-c92a63a7059a
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[Copying files...]
'/home/dvdk/desk-mx-l/desk/boot.scr' -> '/mnt/boot.scr'
'/home/dvdk/desk-mx-l/desk/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_imx6ul-axelulite-cb003a.dtb' -> '/mnt/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_imx6ul-axelulite-cb003a.dtb'
'/home/dvdk/desk-mx-l/desk/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_uImage' -> '/mnt/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_uImage'
'/home/dvdk/desk-mx-l/desk/splash_image.bmp' -> '/mnt/splash_image.bmp'
[Extracting rfs (this may take a while...)]
[Programming SPL]
70+0 records in
70+0 records out
35840 bytes (36 kB, 35 KiB) copied, 0.0120358 s, 3.0 MB/s
[Programming u-boot.img]
538+1 records in
538+1 records out
551704 bytes (552 kB, 539 KiB) copied, 0.164175 s, 3.4 MB/s
[Done]
[1] In case you have a different size, you'll need to change the sfdisk parameters accordingly.
bootscrEdit
Once you got the new binaries compiled from your modified sources, they have to be installed on first SD partition preserving the original file names used into boot.scr U-Boot bootscript.
Here below there is an example on how to create a boot.scr file from the bootscript.txt for booting from SD card:
echo 'bootscript generated with command "mkimage -A ARM -T script -C none -n DESK-MX6UL -d bootscript.txt boot.scr"'
setenv desk_release 'desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0'
if test 0x${som_configid#} = 0x00000013 && test 0x${cb_configid#} = 0x0000002f;
then
setenv fdtfile ${desk_release}_imx6ul-lynx-som0013-cb002f.dtb
elif test 0x${cb_configid#} = 0x0000003a
then
setenv fdtfile ${desk_release}_imx6ul-axelulite-cb003a.dtb
elif test 0x${cb_configid#} = 0x0000006c
then
setenv fdtfile ${desk_release}_imx6ul-axelulite-cb006c.dtb
else
echo Invalid CB! Autoreset ...
sleep 30
reset
fi
setenv bootfile ${desk_release}_uImage
setenv mmc_loadk 'fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:1 ${loadaddr} ${bootfile}'
setenv mmc_loadfdt 'fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:1 ${fdtaddr} ${fdtfile}'
echo Booting DESK-MX6UL via mmcboot with ${fdtfile} as device tree
run mmcboot
echo mmcboot FAILURE
and compile it using:
mkimage -A ARM -T script -C none -n DESK-MX6UL -d bootscript.txt boot.scr
Then copy the boot.scr into the <binaries_dir> directories used by the script to create the SD card.
Install ModuleEdit
To install kernel modules, follow the steps below.
root@desk-mx6ul-axelulite:~# sudo mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /media root@desk-mx6ul-axelulite:~# tar xvzf /media/desk-mx6ul-l-4.0.0_modules.tar.gz -C /
After installation, run the following command to verify that the installation was successful:
root@desk-mx6ul-axelulite:~# ls -l /lib/modules/$(uname -r) total 300 lrwxrwxrwx 1 541 502 65 Apr 3 2023 build -> /home/jenkins/workspace/workspace/DESK-MX6UL-L-4.x.x_Linux-kernel drwxr-xr-x 6 541 502 4096 Apr 3 2023 kernel -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 2718 Apr 3 2023 modules.alias -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 4768 Apr 3 2023 modules.alias.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 14878 Apr 3 2023 modules.builtin -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 34704 Apr 3 2023 modules.builtin.alias.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 17778 Apr 3 2023 modules.builtin.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 105373 Apr 3 2023 modules.builtin.modinfo -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 10689 Apr 3 2023 modules.dep -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 21666 Apr 3 2023 modules.dep.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 0 Apr 3 2023 modules.devname -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 8657 Apr 3 2023 modules.order -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 85 Apr 3 2023 modules.softdep -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 16970 Apr 3 2023 modules.symbols -rw-r--r-- 1 541 502 23964 Apr 3 2023 modules.symbols.bin lrwxrwxrwx 1 541 502 65 Apr 3 2023 source -> /home/jenkins/workspace/workspace/DESK-MX6UL-L-4.x.x_Linux-kernel