Changes

DESK-MX6-L/Deployment/Standalone boot

1,842 bytes added, 13:22, 25 February 2022

Updating outputs for DESK-MX6-L 3.0.0 release tested on SBCX

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We'll explain how to program and configure a <SOM> to boot in standalone mode, without the need of a system microSD card or an NFS server, with ~~threee~~ three options:

* booting with NOR and NAND internal storage

** in this configuration the primary boot images will be fetched from NOR flash storage, while the root file system will be fetched from NAND flash

=== Program boot images into NOR flash ===

{{ImportantMessage|text=This example was not tested with '''DESK-MX6-L 3.0.0''' release as '''SBCX''' do not have NOR flash. Nevertheless provided commands should work on other platforms that do have this storage.}} It is supposed ~~tat~~ that the proper filenames are configured on uU-~~boot~~ Boot variables. Those files should be available on TFTP server. In the following examples, we use the boot images:

<pre>

</pre>

We assume that the following environment variables are present in uU-~~boot~~ Boot too:

<pre>

</pre>

====uU-Boot====

Update to the latest uU-~~boot~~ Boot version allows usage of uU-~~boot~~ Boot environment variables available.

====kernel image and device tree====

We assume that the following environment variables are present in uU-~~boot~~Boot:

<pre>

=== Program boot images into NAND flash ===

====uU-Boot====

uU-~~boot~~ Boot SPL on NAND flash must be programmed using NXP <code>kobs-ng</code> utility and the second stage using the <code>nandwrite</code>: this tool is required for writing the correct uU-~~boot~~ Boot image on NAND storing all information needed by bootrom to identify the NAND as a boot device.

Here below an example:

* boot the system via SD on NFS

* uses a rfs with <b>kobs-ng</b> utility available on it (e.g. DAVE's rfs provided with <KIT>)

* copy the related uU-~~boot~~ Boot imx image file on nfs /home/root (for example)* execute ''kobs-ng'' passing the parameters for flashing uU-~~boot~~ Boot on NAND

* erase and program the second stage using '''flash_erase''' and '''nandwrite'''

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# kobs-ng -x -v -f w desk-mx6-l-13.0.0_mx6qdldesk_nand_SPL

MTD CONFIG:

chip_0_device_path = "/dev/mtd0"

mtd: opened '/dev/mtd0' - '(null)'

mtd: max_boot_stream_size_in_bytes = 524288

mtd: boot_stream_size_in_bytes = ~~57344~~61440mtd: boot_stream_size_in_pages = 2830mtd: #1 0x00100000 - 0x00180000 (~~0x0010e000~~0x0010f000)mtd: #2 0x00180000 - 0x00200000 (~~0x0018e000~~0x0018f000)

FCB

m_u32Checksum = 0x00000000

m_u32Firmware1_startingPage = 512

m_u32Firmware2_startingPage = 768

m_u32PagesInFirmware1 = 2830 m_u32PagesInFirmware2 = 2830

m_u32DBBTSearchAreaStartAddress = 256

m_u32BadBlockMarkerByte = 2028

m_u32Version = 0x01000000

m_u32DBBTNumOfPages = 0

Firmware: image #0 @ 0x100000 size ~~0xe000~~ 0xf000 - available 0x80000Firmware: image #1 @ 0x180000 size ~~0xe000~~ 0xf000 - available 0x80000-------------- Start to write the [ FCB ] -----

-------------- Start to write the [ FCB ] -----

mtd: erasing @0:0x0-0x20000

---------- Start to write the [ .tmp_kobs_ng ]----

mtd: Writting .tmp_kobs_ng: #0 @0: 0x00100000 - ~~0x0010e000~~0x0010f000

mtd: erasing @0:0x100000-0x120000

mtd: We write one page for save guard. *

mtd: Writting .tmp_kobs_ng: #1 @0: 0x00180000 - ~~0x0018e000~~0x0018f000

mtd: erasing @0:0x180000-0x1a0000

mtd: We write one page for save guard. *

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# flash_erase /dev/mtd1 0 0Erasing 128 Kibyte @ 5e0000 -- 100 % completeroot@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# nandwrite -p /dev/mtd1 desk-mx6-l-13.0.0_mx6qdldesk_nand_u-boot.img

Writing data to block 0 at offset 0x0

Writing data to block 1 at offset 0x20000

Writing data to block 3 at offset 0x60000

Writing data to block 4 at offset 0x80000

~~root@imx6qdlxelk:~#~~

</pre>

====kernel image and device tree====

We assume that the following environment variables are present in uU-~~boot~~Boot:

<pre>

~~U-Boot~~ => run loadk nand_updatek loadfdt nand_updatefdt

Using FEC device

TFTP from server 192.168.4.240; our IP address is 192.168.4.231Filename '~~desk-mx-l~~axel/uImage'.

Load address: 0x12000000

Loading: #################################################################

#################################################################

################################################################# ################################################################# ################################################################# ################################# 1.2 5 MiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = ~~7031520~~ 8154280 (~~6b4ae0~~ 7c6ca8 hex)

NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0xc00000, size 0x800000

OK

NAND write: device 0 offset 0xc00000, size ~~0x6b4ae0~~0x7c6ca8 ~~7031520~~ 8154280 bytes written: OK

Using FEC device

TFTP from server 192.168.04.13240; our IP address is 192.168.04.90231Filename '~~desk-mx-l~~axel/~~imx6q~~imx6dl-sbcx-cb0012.dtb'.

Load address: 0x18000000

Loading: ###########

~~564~~858.5 4 KiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = ~~53760~~ 51910 (~~d200~~ cac6 hex)

NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0xa00000, size 0x100000

OK

NAND write: device 0 offset 0xa00000, size ~~0xd200~~0xcac6 ~~53760~~ 51910 bytes written: OK=>

</pre>

=== Program boot images into eMMC ===

{{ImportantMessage|text=This example was not tested with '''DESK-MX6-L 3.0.0''' release as '''SBCX''' do not have internal eMMC. Nevertheless provided commands should work on other platforms that do have this storage.}} ===u=U-Boot====Update to the latest uU-~~boot~~ Boot version allows usage of uU-~~boot~~ Boot environment variables available.

<pre>

~~mmc_update~~=> printenv mmc_update_spl mmc_update_spl=mmc dev; setexpr blocks ${filesize} / 0x200; setexpr blocks ${blocks} + 1; mmc write ${loadaddr} 2 ${blocks}=> printenv mmc_update_uboot mmc_update_uboot=mmc dev; setexpr blocks ${filesize} / 0x200; setexpr blocks ${blocks} + 1; mmc write ${loadaddr} 0x8a ${blocks}

</pre>

Load uU-~~boot~~ Boot binary form a <code>tftp</code> server:

=> run load_spl

Using FEC device

TFTP from server 192.168.04.~~125~~240; our IP address is 192.168.04.9049Filename '~~desk-mx-l~~axel/SPL'.

Load address: 0x12000000

Loading: ############

~~560~~1.~~5 KiB~~1 MiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = ~~56320~~ 60416 (~~dc00~~ ec00 hex)=> run mmc_update_spl

switch to partitions #0, OK

~~mmc2(part 0)~~ mmc0 is current device (~~eMMC~~SD)

MMC write: dev # 20, block # 2, count ~~1313~~ 119 ... ~~1313~~ 119 blocks written: OK=> run load_uboot

Using FEC device

TFTP from server 192.168.04.~~125~~240; our IP address is 192.168.04.9049Filename '~~desk-mx-l~~axel/u-boot.img'.

Load address: 0x12000000

Loading: #################################################################

########################################################## ~~1009~~1.~~8 KiB~~5 MiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = ~~569864~~ 624932 (~~8b208~~ 98924 hex)=> run mmc_update_uboot

switch to partitions #0, OK

~~mmc2~~ mmc0 is current device (~~eMMC~~SD)

MMC write: dev # 20, block # 138, count ~~1114~~ 1221 ... ~~1114~~ 1221 blocks written: OK=>

</pre>

Load uU-~~boot~~ Boot binary ~~form~~ from an <code>SD</code> card:

====kernel image and device tree====

We assume that the following environment variables are present in uU-~~boot~~Boot:

<pre>

mmc_loadfdt=fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:1 ${fdtaddr} ${fdtfile}

mmc_loadsplash=fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:1 ${loadaddr} ${splashfile}; cp.b ${loadaddr} ${splashimage} ${filesize}

mmcboot=run mmcargs addcons addmisc; if run mmc_loadk; then if run mmc_loadfdt~~; then if run configid_fixupfdt~~; then bootm ${loadaddr} - ${fdtaddr}~~; fi~~; fi; fi

</pre>

Using an SD card or an eMMC device assumes that <code>bootfile</code>, <code>fdtfile</code> and <code>splashfile</code> are stored into fist MMC device partition.

Then, uU-~~boot~~ Boot uses the previous listed commands for reading the binary images and starting the linux bootstrap from the ''MMC part 2'' (which is reserved for the root-file system storage).

The following uU-~~boot~~ Boot environment variables are present for this purposes:

<pre>

mmcargs=setenv bootargs root=${mmcroot}

==== boot vars ====

The following environment variables should be configured for uU-~~boot~~ Boot properly reading the boot files from the first SD card partition, e.g.

=> setenv normalboot mmcboot

=> setenv bootfile uImage

=> setenv fdtfile ~~imx6q~~imx6dl-sbcx-cb0012.dtb

=> setenv splashfile splash_image.bmp

</pre>

=== Program root file system into NAND flash ===

* Boot the system via SD or NFS as described in the e [[(<KIT>)#Quick_start_guide|Quick start guide]]* By default, the NAND is already partitioned to allow booting from NAND-only (see next section) and, thus, some partitions are reserved for uU-~~boot~~ Boot and kernel images. Here we won't modify this default configuration. The [[Memory Tecnology Device (MTD)|MTD]] partitions can be dumped with <code>/proc/mtd</code> (the partition's name should be self-explanatory)

root@imx6qdlxelk:~# cat /proc/mtd

</pre>

{{ImportantMessage|text=Please note that MTD partition index may change depending of flash device availability, flash device size, uU-~~boot~~ Boot environment variables or kernel device driver load order. Always take care of looking inside <code>/proc/mtd</code> to match your specific layout}}

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# ubiformat /dev/mtd8

ubiformat: mtd8 (nand), size 1048576000 bytes (1000.0 MiB), 8000 eraseblocks of 131072 bytes (128.0 KiB), min. I/O size 2048 bytes

libscan: scanning eraseblock 7999 -- 100 % complete ubiformat: 8000 eraseblocks have valid erase counter, mean value is 148ubiformat: formatting eraseblock 7999 -- 100 % complete root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# ubiattach -m 8[ ~~1714~~ 360.~~823600~~013629] ~~UBI~~ubi0: attaching mtd8 ~~to ubi0~~[ ~~1726~~ 361.~~415587~~991725] ~~UBI~~ubi0: scanning is finished[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~483765~~009988] ~~UBI~~ubi0: attached mtd8 (name "nand-ubi", size 1000 MiB) ~~to ubi0~~[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~491062~~016138] ~~UBI~~ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~498301~~023029] ~~UBI~~ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~505030~~030324] ~~UBI~~ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~512430~~037598] ~~UBI~~ubi0: good PEBs: 8000, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~518861~~043702] ~~UBI~~ubi0: user volume: 0, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~526025~~051238] ~~UBI~~ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 360/249, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: ~~623070258~~1933293895[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~535433~~060761] ~~UBI~~ubi0: available PEBs: 7836, total reserved PEBs: 164, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 160[ ~~1726~~ 362.~~545260~~070564] ~~UBI~~ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID ~~714~~636UBI device number 0, total 8000 LEBs (1015808000 bytes, 968.8 7 MiB), available 7836 LEBs (994983936 bytes, 948.9 8 MiB), LEB size 126976 bytes (124.0 KiB)root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m

Set volume size to 994983936

Volume ID 0, size 7836 LEBs (994983936 bytes, 948.9 8 MiB), LEB size 126976 bytes (124.0 KiB), dynamic, name "rootfs", alignment 1

</pre>

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# mkdir -p /mnt/nandroot@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# mount -t ubifs ubi0_0 /mnt/nand/[ ~~1810~~ 409.~~301461~~697677] UBIFS(ubi0:0): default file-system created[ ~~1810~~ 409.703241] UBIFS (ubi0:0): Mounting in unauthenticated mode[ 409.~~308952~~709114] UBIFS(ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID ~~717~~655[ ~~1810~~ 409.~~452274~~742889] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"[ ~~1810~~ 409.~~459421~~750360] UBIFS(ubi0:0): LEB size: 126976 bytes (124 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes[ ~~1810~~ 409.~~469398~~760923] UBIFS(ubi0:0): FS size: 992698368 bytes (946 MiB, 7818 LEBs), journal size 33521664 bytes (31 MiB, 264 LEBs)[ ~~1810~~ 409.~~480976~~772226] UBIFS(ubi0:0): reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB)[ ~~1810~~ 409.~~487210~~778855] UBIFS(ubi0:0): media format: w4w5/r0 (latest is w4w5/r0), UUID ~~99D0F3C6~~98CA79BD-~~5955~~2EC2-~~4B30~~4B4E-~~9E2D~~A244-~~72202281BD30~~32553E1049FC, small LPT model

</pre>

<pre>

tar xvjf ~~desk~~dave-image-~~qt5~~devel-desk-mx6.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/nand

</pre>

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# umount /mnt/nand/[ ~~2446~~4485.~~743091~~370345] UBIFS(ubi0:0): un-mount UBI device ~~0, volume~~ 0[ ~~2446~~4485.~~749670~~377962] UBIFS(ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" stopsroot@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# ubidetach -m 8[ ~~2450~~4493.~~738153~~929166] ~~UBI~~ubi0: detaching mtd8 ~~from ubi0~~[ ~~2450~~4493.~~759527~~942262] ~~UBI~~ubi0: mtd8 is detached ~~from ubi0~~

</pre>

=== Program root file system into eMMC flash ===

{{ImportantMessage|text=This example was not tested with '''DESK-MX6-L 3.0.0''' release as '''SBCX''' do not have internal eMMC. Nevertheless provided commands should work on other platforms that do have this storage.}}* Boot the system via SD or NFS as described in the e [[(<KIT>)#Quick_start_guide|Quick start guide]]

* eMMC device has to be partitioned and properly formatted choosing the <code>file system</code> for each partition

* an example of SD partitioning script is the following one:

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# ./sdcard-partition.sh /dev/mmcblk2

SD total size: 3776KB

[ 1341.905014] mmcblk2: p1 p2

Creating journal (16384 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

~~root@imx6qdlxelk:~#~~

</pre>

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# mount /dev/mmcblk2p1 /mnt/emmc

[ 40.988575] FAT-fs (mmcblk2p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# cd /mnt/emmcroot@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:/mnt/emmc# cp /tftpboot/desk-mx/linux/desk-mx-1.0.0*dtb .root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:/mnt/emmc# cp /tftpboot/desk-mx/linux/desk-mx-1.0.0*uImage .root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:/mnt/emmc# cp /tftpboot/desk-mx/linux/splash_image.bmp .root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:/mnt/emmc# cdroot@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# umount /mnt/emmc

</pre>

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# mount /dev/mmcblk2p2 /mnt/emmc

[ 1810.899327] EXT4-fs (mmcblk2p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# cd /mnt/emmcroot@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:/mnt/emmc#

</pre>

<pre>

tar xvjf ~~axel~~dave-image-~~qt5~~devel-~~imx6qdlxelk.tar~~desk-mx6.tar.bz2-C /mnt/emmc

</pre>

root@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:/mnt/emmc# cdroot@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# umount /mnt/emmcroot@~~imx6qdlxelk~~desk-mx6:~# reboot

</pre>

mkfs.ext4 -F ${node}${part}1 -Lboot

then, the uU-~~boot~~ Boot <code>environment</code> has to be properly configured:

...

[ 23.~~884838~~859646] 9 cmdlinepart partitions found on MTD device gpmi-nand[ 3.865861] Creating 9 MTD partitions on "gpmi-nand":[ 23.~~889901~~870924] 0x000000000000-0x000000200000 : "nand-SPL"[ 23.~~904875~~885045] 0x000000200000-0x000000800000 : "nand-uboot"[ 23.~~914921~~895099] 0x000000800000-0x000000900000 : "nand-env1"[ 23.~~924903~~905059] 0x000000900000-0x000000a00000 : "nand-env2"[ 23.~~934931~~915071] 0x000000a00000-0x000000b00000 : "nand-fdt"[ 23.~~944880~~925049] 0x000000b00000-0x000000c00000 : "nand-spare"[ 23.~~954958~~935124] 0x000000c00000-0x000001400000 : "nand-kernel"[ 23.~~964920~~945057] 0x000001400000-0x000001800000 : "nand-splash"[ 23.~~974934~~955104] 0x000001800000-~~0x000020000000~~ 0x000040000000 : "nand-ubi"

...

[ 45.~~708969~~559821] ubi0: attaching mtd8[ 97.~~673466~~990342] ubi0: scanning is finished[ 98.~~702506~~021500] ubi0: attached mtd8 (name "nand-ubi", size ~~488~~ 1000 MiB)[ 98.~~708522~~027595] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 126976 bytes[ 98.~~715452~~034504] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 2048[ 98.~~722260~~041299] ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096[ 98.~~729329~~048291] ubi0: good PEBs: ~~3903~~8000, bad PEBs: 10, corrupted PEBs: 0[ 98.~~735502~~054414] ubi0: user volume: 1, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128[ 98.~~742759~~061644] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 1763/1152, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: ~~855057006~~819217695[ 98.~~752222~~070886] ubi0: available PEBs: 160, total reserved PEBs: ~~3887~~8000, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 79160[ 98.~~761688~~080359] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID ~~140~~157[ 8.164282] UBIFS (ubi0:0): Mounting in unauthenticated mode[ 98.~~815346~~170156] UBIFS (ubi0:0): background thread "ubifs_bgt0_0" started, PID ~~141~~163[ 98.~~941878~~210063] UBIFS (ubi0:0): UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs"[ 98.~~949339~~217549] UBIFS (ubi0:0): LEB size: 126976 bytes (124 KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048 bytes/2048 bytes[ 98.~~959283~~227505] UBIFS (ubi0:0): FS size: ~~480985088~~ 992698368 bytes (~~458~~ 946 MiB, ~~3788~~ 7818 LEBs), journal size ~~24125440~~ 33521664 bytes (23 31 MiB, ~~190~~ 264 LEBs)[ 98.~~970279~~238514] UBIFS (ubi0:0): reserved for root: 4952683 bytes (4836 KiB)[ 98.~~976924~~245169] UBIFS (ubi0:0): media format: w4w5/r0 (latest is w5/r0), UUID ~~759D6A88~~BEC33049-~~1C15~~213B-~~4293~~4D02-~~BA54~~A9CE-~~6D740D559A46~~5F0D7EB5DAA8, small LPT model[ 98.~~991302~~257174] VFS: Mounted root (ubifs filesystem) on device 0:~~13.[ 9.999829] devtmpfs: mounted[ 10.003881] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024KINIT: version 2~~14.~~88 booting~~

...

[ 3 5.~~938852] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable[ 3.952617~~061660] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa[ 3 5.071528] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SC16G 14.8 GiB[ 5.~~958846~~071528] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SC16G 14.8 GiB[ 3 5.~~972173~~088454] mmcblk0: p1 p2

...

[ 4 5.~~782443~~681176] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)[ 4 5.~~790648~~689678] VFS: Mounted root (~~ext4~~ ext3 filesystem) on device 179:2.[ 4 5.~~807855~~707149] devtmpfs: mounted[ 4 5.~~811984~~713124] Freeing unused kernel memory: 1024K

...

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