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Embedded Linux systems with eMMC or SD cards
=== Embedded Linux systems with eMMC or SD cards ===
Another typical use case refers to the eMMC's and SD cards. As explained [http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubifs.html#L_raw_vs_ftl here], these components are FTL devices, where FTL stands for ''Flash Translation Layer''. This layer ''emulates a block device on top of flash hardware''. Therefore, these storage devices are used in tandem with file systems such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 ext4] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table#FAT32 FAT32]. Besides a raw NAND flash memory, eMMC's and SD cards integrate a microcontroller implementing the FTL and other important tasks as detailed in the rest of the document. The sections related to eMMC-based use cases are the result of a joint effort between [https://www.westerndigital.com/ Western Digital] (which purchased [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SanDisk SanDisk] in 2016), Lauterbach Italy, and DAVE Embedded Systems.
==Wear-out==
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